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Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis & Respiration

Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis & Respiration. ATP & ADP. ATP: Adenosine triphosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates Energy storing molecule, only stores energy for a few minutes Source of all cell energy When one phosphate group breaks off, energy is released. Adenine.

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Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis & Respiration

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  1. Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis & Respiration

  2. ATP & ADP ATP: Adenosine triphosphate • adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates • Energy storing molecule, only stores energy for a few minutes • Source of all cell energy • When one phosphate group breaks off, energy is released Adenine 3 Phosphate groups Ribose

  3. ADP: Adenosine diphosphate • Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates • Molecule that results from ATP losing one P • Another P may be added later ADP ATP Energy Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

  4. Describe organelles involved in energy transformation • Energy transformation is when energy is converted from one form to another. • Energy transformations involve photosynthesis and respiration.

  5. Photosynthesis

  6. CHLOROPLASTS: • Found in plant cells, some protists & bacteria not animal cells • Contain pigment called chlorophyll (green) • Allows plants to go through photosynthesis by converting light into energy for the cell

  7. Overview Photosynthesis Light Energy • Photosynthesis: process using energy from sunlight to convert water and CO2 into oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar) Two parts: • Light dependent reactions: produce O2 & converts ADP to ATP • Calvin cycle (dark reactions): use ATP from light reactions to produce sugars Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

  8. Chlorophyll: green pigment in cells that absorbs blue & red light energy • Moves energy to electrons that drive reactions • Equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 +6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  9. MITOCHONDRIA: “powerhouse” of cell • Releases energy from food molecules • Found in both animal and plant cells • A cell that needs more energy has more mitochondria • Ex: muscles, growing cells, areas of repair

  10. Overview cellular respiration • Respiration: process that releases energy by breaking down food when oxygen is present • Equation for Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

  11. Anaerobic respiration: (fermentation) occurs without oxygen present • Two types: • Alcoholic: form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise • Lactic acid: produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen

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