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Technical Services

Technical Services. https://www-ns.iaea.org/coordination/tso.asp?s=110&l=127. To identify the technical services needed within (or accessible to) the infrastructure for an effective implementation of regulatory program. Objective. Dosimetry services; Analytical services;

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Technical Services

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  1. Technical Services https://www-ns.iaea.org/coordination/tso.asp?s=110&l=127

  2. To identify the technical services needed within (or accessible to) the infrastructure for an effective implementation of regulatory program. Objective

  3. Dosimetry services; • Analytical services; • Calibration services; • Radioactive waste management services; • Training services; • Accreditation for services • Technical expertise. Contents

  4. Essential technical services should be available: • to authorized radiation users; • to the Regulatory Body. Technical Services withinthe State; or through arrangements fromoutsidethe State.

  5. Assessment of external and internal doses The accuracy and reliability of dosimetry service providers should be verified: Dosimetry Services • by the Regulatory Body; or • by an acceptable third-party organization (accreditation) Only those dosimetry service providersrecognized by the Regulatory Body should be authorized to provide services in the country.

  6. exercise control over individual dose; Dosimetry Services (cont) Assessment of external and internal doses The purpose of monitoring is to: • identify abnormallyhigh doses; • identify changes inworking conditions; • identify poorworking practices; • providelegal evidence; • providesecurity and confidence in safety procedures.

  7. Employers must: • make adequate arrangements with a recognized dosimetry service provider; Dosimetry Services (cont) • ensure that workers in controlled areas areindividually monitored; • undertake an assessment ofintake or committed doseif exposure to contamination is possible.

  8. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) • γ, X and β radiation Optically Stimulated Luminescent dosimeters (OSL) • γ, X and β radiation Film dosimeters • γ, X and β radiation Neutron dosimeters • neutron radiation only Assessment of Doses from External Radiation

  9. Personal air sampler • airborne radioactive dust Whole body monitor • gamma emitting radioisotopes Thyroid monitoring • iodine radioisotopes Urine sampling - tritium Excreta sampling - actinides Assessment of Doses from Internal Radiation

  10. The assessment of radiation dose by counting the number of damaged chromosomes in blood cells: Chromosome Aberration Analysis • is used only in high exposure situations; • provides conclusive results only where the dose is greater than 200 mSv.

  11. Employers and licensees shall: • maintain exposure records for each monitored worker; Personal Dosimetry - Records • maintain recordsuntil the worker is aged 75, or at least until 30 years after finishing work; • keep recordsconfidential and secure; • provideaccessto records by: • workers (their own records); • the relevant employer; • Regulatory Body; • health surveillance professionals.

  12. Analytical services should be able to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis capability for radiation measurements: Analytical Services • commensurate with the radiation safety needs of the country; and • recognizedby the Regulatory Body (possibly with external accreditation)

  13. leak testing; • identification of radionuclides; • assessment of activity / activity concentration; Analytical Services (cont) Analytical services should be able to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis capability for radiation measurements, including: • testing of products / sources against national and international standards.

  14. Calibration Services Calibration services should: • usestandardstraceable to recognized national and international standards (ISO, IEC, IAEA); • berecognized by the Regulatory Body (possibly with external accreditation). • Service providers should use the same criteria and similar protocols.

  15. Radiation surveys / measurements are performed to: • verify safe working conditions; Calibration Services (cont) • confirm that sources are appropriately shielded; • check that area classifications are satisfactory; • maintain control of contamination; • satisfy regulatory requirements. Radiation monitors must be calibrated regularly.

  16. Types of instruments • dose and / or dose rate; • surface contamination; • airborne contamination; • medical QA equipment. Use of Survey Instruments Calibration and testing • pre-use; • at suitable (or prescribed) intervals; • record of results of test; • performed by qualified person.

  17. Radioactive waste management facilities Waste Management • Long term storage and / or disposal; • Within the State or available through arrangements outside the State.

  18. in accordance with GSR Part 3 and Regulatory Body requirements • based on health surveillance Programs. Health Surveillance of Workers Medical supervision intended to ensure the initial and continuous fitness of workers for their intended task.

  19. Training services for radiation users: • must satisfy the needs described in the users’ radiation protection program; and Training Services • may need to berecognized by the Regulatory Body (possibly with external accreditation).

  20. Need to provide different levels of training e.g. • users, technicians; • Radiation Protection Officers; • qualified experts; • line managers, employers. • Formal qualifications may be required. Training Services (cont)

  21. Expert Assistance • to support investigations by Regulatory Body staff, and • to advise users of radiation. Expert assistance may be required:

  22. Consultants • should be effectively independent of the operator. Expert Assistance (cont) • shall not relieve the Regulatory Body of any of itsresponsibilities. The Regulatory Body’s responsibility for making decisions and recommendations shallnot be delegated.

  23. Advisory bodies: • may be formally created by Government or by the Regulatory Body; Expert Assistance (cont) • are established either on a temporary or permanent basis to giveindependent expert opinion or advice(e.g on technical or ethical issues). The Regulatory Body’s responsibility for making decisions and recommendations shallnot be delegated.

  24. References • IAEA, Occupational Radiation Protection, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.1, Vienna (1999). • IAEA, Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to Intakes of Radionuclides, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.2, Vienna (1999). • IAEA, Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to External Sources of Radiation, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.3, Vienna (1999). • IAEA, Calibration of Radiation Monitoring Instruments, Safety Report Series No. 16, Vienna (2000). • IAEA, Establishing a National System for Radioactive Waste Management, Safety Series No. 111-S-1, Vienna (1995). • IAEA, Use of External Experts by the Regulatory Body, General Safety Guide, No. GSG-4, Vienna (2013)

  25. Recommended reading https://gnssn.iaea.org/meetings/tsoconf2014/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx

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