Catalyst – January 27-8, 2012

1. Catalyst – January 27-8, 2012 • Write a hypothesis to answer the following question: How does the amount of sunlight affect the number of oranges grown in the orchard? • Identify the independent and dependentvariables in the following scenario: Johnny thinks that he is a great poet, but he gets nervous when he shares his work with others. He believes that performing in a slam poetry event with the Spoken Word Club at Higgins will help him overcome his nerves.

2. Today’s Agenda • Catalyst • Quick Variables Review • Lab Safety and Cartoon • Notes: Writing Quality Procedures/Methods • Exit Question HW: Write a procedure for something you like to do or cook OR something you would like to learn how to do

3. Today’s Objectives • SWBAT dominate variables and experimental design. • SWBAT describe basic lab safety procedures. • SWBAT plan a QUALITY step-by-step method for making Mystery Goo.

4. REVIEW OF VARIABLES!

5. Experimentation • Review: A proper experiment always has an independent variable and dependent variable. • Variable: a quantity or condition that can have more than one value; variable means change! • Variables are CATEGORIES!

6. Variables • Independent Variable: variable that you change during an experiment; causes the change you are measuring; aka manipulated variable (acts independently) • Dependent Variable: variable that is observed; changes in response to change in IV; aka responding variable (depends on other things)

7. Constants • Review: Everything but the independent and dependent variable must be kept constant. • Constants: other experimental factors (potential variables) that stay the same throughout experiment • If many different things change at once, we don’t know what causes the change!

8. Example • Let’s say we want to design an experiment to determine what causes the Hornets to win games.

9. Number of games that Hornets win

10. Practice You want to figure out which mosquito repellent is the best. On 3 separate days, you apply a different repellent and then go sit outside. You count the number of bites you get each day. Type of mosquito repellent IV = DV = Constants? Number of bites

11. Practice • Maria wants to make the track team. She believes that if she attends pre-season practice every day, then she will be able to run fast enough to make the team. Frequency that Maria attends practice IV = DV = Constants? Speed

12. Practice • Students of different genders were given a Mickey Mouse puzzle to assemble. The time it took each group of students to assemble the puzzle was measured. IV = DV = Constants? Gender Time to assemble puzzle

13. If the number of Higgins students increases, then more school bus drivers will be hired. IV = DV = Constants? Number of students Number of school bus drivers hired

14. If the amount of sugar used on beignets decreases, then fewer beignets will be sold. What depends on what? IV = DV = Constants? Amount of sugar used Number of beignets sold

15. If the Saints win more games this season, then they will attract more big name players next season. IV = Number of games won this season DV = Number of players attracted next season Constants?

16. Yesterday’s Exit Question • Let’s say you want to figure out what drink will make you taller: milk, Gatorade, or water. You drink each for a month and record your height at the end of each month. • What is the independent variable? • What is the dependent variable? • What are at least two factors that should be held constant?

17. HOMEWORK QUESTIONS?

18. Scenario 1 • A researcher is studying the effect of sleep on aggression, thinking that less sleep will lead to more aggression. She has some people sleep 6 hours per night, some people sleep 3 hours per night and some people sleep as much as they want. She then monitors aggressive behavior during basketball games among participants. • IV? • DV? • Constants?

19. Scenario 2 • A researcher is curious to find out what effect classical music has on people’s level of relaxation (as measured by heart rate). He suspects that listening to classical music will make people feel more calm and relaxed. He lets one group listen to classical music for one hour. He lets another group sit in a quiet room for one hour (i.e they hear no music). After one hour, he monitors the heart rate of each participant to measure their level of relaxation. • IV? • DV? • Constants?

20. Scenario 3 • A researcher conducts an experiment to assess the effects of alcohol on people's sense of balance. He divides his subjects into three groups: in one group the participants drink one ounce of alcohol, in another they drink two ounces of alcohol and in a third group the participants drink soda. He then watches as each participant tries to walk on a straight line from one corner of the room to the next and notes how many times they stumble outside the line. • IV? • DV? • Constants?

21. Unit 0 Domination StatsClass Averages 2nd Period: 83.2% 3rd Period: 89.9% 5th Period: 91.5%

22. LAB SAFETY IS ESSENTIAL!!!!!

23. Safety Equipment • Goggles • Apron • Gloves • Fume hood • Fire extinguisher • Eye wash • Safety shower

24. Safety Equipment • Goggles

25. Safety Equipment • Apron

26. Safety Equipment • Gloves

27. Safety Equipment • Fire extinguisher

28. Safety Equipment • Safety blanket

29. Safety Equipment • Eye wash

30. Safety Equipment • Safety shower

31. What could happen if we don’t follow safety guidelines?

32. Wear your safety goggles!

33. Chemical burn….

34. Frayed cord?Unattended fire?

35. Safety Contract

36. Lab Safety Cartoon….and a Surprise!

37. Lab Safety Work Time • Read the Safety Contract thoroughly • Put one copy of the Safety Contract into the “Culture and Goals” section of your binder • Take the other copy of the Safety Contract home; a parent must read and sign it along with you

38. NEW NOTES: PROCEDURES

39. Importance of a Good Procedure JUST THINK ABOUT DRIVING! We must read and follow directions all the time…

40. Importance of a Good Procedure Key Point #1: Anyone can understand and duplicate a good procedure. • Understand: The procedure is easy to read and has simple language • Duplicate: The procedure can be repeated

41. When Things Go Wrong…

42. When Things Go Wrong… Key Point #2: You must ALWAYS have a plan while performing an experiment. • This prevents problems • It is important to always readALL directions and think before beginning an experiment ANTICIPATION

43. How to plan a procedure…. Key Point #3: Characteristics of a quality procedure… • Materials (including safety equipment) • Step-by-step instructions • Each step is numbered • Specific and clear

44. Is this a quality procedure?

45. Is this a quality procedure? Materials: -Beaker -Water -Tongs -Red dye -Syringe -Stirrer Procedure: Place the beaker on the lab bench. Pour 25 mL of water into the beaker. Add 5 drops of red dye to the water and stir with the stirrer. Heat the beaker up using a hot plate.

46. Is this a quality procedure? Materials: -Funnel -Filter Paper -Glass rod -Erlenmeyer flask -Water/sand mixture Procedure: • Place the filter paper in the funnel. • Place the funnel in the Erlenmeyer flask. • Use the glass rod to help pour the water/sand mixture into the funnel. • Collect the filtrate in the Erlenmeyer flask. • Clean up.

47. Exit Question Select the materials and plan the procedure to:(CHOOSE ONE) make Kool-Aid OR make a sno-ball

48. Catalyst – January (6+1)2+6, 2012FUN GRAPH FRIDAY! HW OUT! • Which slime increased in price the most? • Describe how the price of Online Vendor slime has changed over time.

49. Today’s Agenda • Catalyst • Quiz Stats and Return • Lab Report How-To • Plan Mystery Goo Lab • Execute Mystery Goo Lab and Clean-Up • Exit Question

50. Today’s Objectives • SWBAT write a lab report. • SWBAT plan and execute an experiment to test the following question: • How does the amount of corn starch added to 30 mL of water AFFECT the thickness of the mystery goo? • How does the type of corn starch added to 30 mL of water AFFECT the thickness of the mystery goo?