Chemical Management by Business Operators in Japan - An Outline of Japanese PRTR System -

1. February 1, 2017 Serbia JICA Grassroots Project Chemical Management by Business Operators in Japan - An Outline of Japanese PRTR System - Yasuhiro KANDA Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association Japan

2. History of PRTR (Pollutant Release and Transfer Register) Gas leak incident of a chemical plant in Bhopal, India 1984 Bhopal disaster 1986 USA (Toxics Release Inventory) 1988 Canada (National Pollutant Release Inventory) 1990 UK (Pollution Inventory) 1992 Agenda 21 • OECD recommendation 1999 Japan (PRTR) 2000 EU(EPER: European Pollutant Emission Register) 2003 UNECE (PRTR Protocol) 2006 EU(E-PRTR) Chapter19: Environmentally sound management of toxic chemicals A Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) is a publicly accessible database or inventory of chemicals or pollutants released to air, water and soil and transferred off-site for treatment. It brings together information about which chemicals are being released, where, how much and by whom.

3. Environmental Risk of Chemicals ②Risk through environment chemicals Four Types of Chemical Risk ①Risk to workers air soil ④Risk at the time of accidents water area ③Risk through products

4. “You can’t manage what you don’t measure” Peter F. Drucker Management requires “Measurement” “Accounting” is the measurement of financial information about economic entities. (wiki) Various accountings exist including“Social Accounting” or “Environmental Accounting”, which quantifies social/environmental performance as well as financial performance. Leading companies issue “CSR/Environmental Report” in addition to traditional “Financial Report”.

5. Landfill within the business boundary How do materials go out from a factory? - Six aspects to be measured - Air Soil Disposal Public water area Sewer

6. Target chemicals Top10 Chemicals Toluene Xylene Ethyl Benzene Poly(oxyethylene)alkylether Normal hexane Dichloromethane LAS Dichlorobenzene HCFC-22 Benzene Chemical that has a risk of being injurious to human health or animals/plants and that exists in the environment of a considerably wide area → 462 chemicals are designated by PRTR Act (E-PRTR: 91 pollutants, TRI: 675 chemicals) As for POPs chemicals, PCB, Dioxin, PFOS are included in the 462.

7. Exported Amount contained in Products Released Amount or transferred Amount Annual Transaction Amount Emission Factor Other released Amounts or transferred Amounts Released Amount or transferred Amount Annual Transaction Amount = = × - - Measurement Methods Material Balance Method Each company can decide its own measurement method, but each industry organization has developed its own measurement method in order to improve data accuracy and data comparability. The basic methods include “Material Balance Method” and “Emission Factor Method” Emission Factor Method

8. Business Operator Fills in data in a format and submits it. Data collection and disclosure system Prefectural Government PRTR of Hyogo Prefectural Government Checks the data and aggregates the data in a locally needed way. National Government Estimates data of non-point sources (households, agricultural land, automobiles, etc.) and aggregate the data. PRTR of Ministry of the Environment

9. Website information disclosure (1): Geographic information on the sites in Hyogo prefecture Hyogo prefecture: 1,500 sitesJapan: 36,000 sites E-PRTR: 30,000 sites TRI: 22,000 sites

10. Website information disclosure (2): Amounts of the six aspects to be measured Name Address Air Landfill within the business boundary Disposal Soil Public water area Sewer

11. Website information disclosure(3): Amounts of the six aspects in a table format This site reports 27 chemicals in total.

12. Website information disclosure(4): Trends in release and transfer amounts FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2001: PRTR start year • Site data help • business operators can compare the data with other companies and find what to be tackled. • residents understand the factory well. Toluene Xylene

13. Trends in release and transfer amounts in Japan Newly added chemicals Deleted chemicals Continuing chemicals ton FY2001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Macro data help policy makers analyze whether chemical management is improving or not.

14. Guidelines on Chemical Substance Management Facility improvement (1) Systematization of chemicals control organization, manuals, education, (2) Information collection PRTR data, control technology, (3) Implementation of control measures facility check, facility improvement, Process Specific Measures: storage process, manufacturing process, mechanical process, degreasing process, painting process, coating process, dying process, disinfection process, other solvent use process, etc. Rational use of chemicals recovery and reuse of chemicals, alternative materials Enhancement of citizens understanding report, meeting Business to Business communication MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

15. Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals PRTR Data Step1 Scenario Setting Which chemical? What purpose? Step2 Step3 ・Hazard Assessment, ・Targetsetting for voluntary control Exposure Assessment Step4 Risk Judgement Is risk small enough? If not Detailed Assessment additional reduction measures

16. Risk Communication among social actors Governments Experts Citizens • Risk communication is necessary for various hazards: • Natural disaster • Epidemic • Science & Technology (Traditional, Cutting-edge) • Action plan (who does what) needs to be made for three phases: • Normal • Emergency • Recovery Media Companies

17. Importance of Local Dialogues on Chemical Risk Piece of mind, Trust KAIZEN Notice of a problem → Improvement Have a trust hints Understand risks Answers the questions Learn risks questions Provides risk information Citizens, Consumers Business Operators

18. an example of local dialogue Program (minutes) • Factory Introduction 15 • Disaster control explanation 20 • Questions & Answers 20 • Comments from expert 10 • Demonstration of Initial 30 responses against tank truck accident Total 95 Participants (persons) • Nearby residents 59 • Local governments 14 • The company 20 • Experts 1 • Industry organization 1 Total 95 Mitsui Chemicals Inc.

19. Business Environment Society Environmental Management as a business strategy Corporate Citizenship • Environmental Management • Chemical Control • Energy Saving • Resource Conservation • Biodiversity Conservation • Purpose of Business • “Creation of Customers” • Two Functions • Marketing • Innovation • P. F. Drucker • Corporate Citizenship • Exchanges with residents, • Social activities (Safety, Culture) Creation of customers Market ng Innovation Material/Energy Information

20. Thank you very much for your attention!