Exploring the Depths: A History and Overview of Ocean Drilling Vessels

1. WHOI SIO JOIDES

2. JOIDES Resolution • 7-8 months/year on science • $65M • 4 cruises • $15M/45 days • $333K/day

3. Joides Resolution schedule: https://iodp.tamu.edu/scienceops/ • Full IODP (JRSO is Resolution) https://www.iodp.org/expeditions/expeditions-schedule

6. History Mohole--idea 1957, tests 1961, killed 1966 after $25M. Cost: started $15-20M, then $68M in 1964, escalated to $112M in 1965 DSDP--JOIDES (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling) established 1964; started DSDP in 1968 with D/V Glomar Challenger; ended in 1983 IPOD: international phase of Ocean Drilling, 1975-1983 ODP--international partnership; JOIDES Resolution, with first cruise in 1985 IODP—started 2004, with several ships (multiple capabilities, including Arctic drilling) Drill to mantle by 2020? Or 2030 now? $500M+ Leg/Expedition = Cruise Site = Hole A,B,C: adjacent reentry issues

8. Glomar Challenger (birth oceanography)

9. JOIDES Resolution (Cook)

10. Re-entry cone Bow thrusters Moon Pool

11. Reentry cone descending through the moon pool.

12. Dick Dick Parja (Transocean Roughneck, Philippines) works next to an 18.5-inch bi-center bit (top, brown bit) that was used to open a 21.5-inch hole in basement for installation of the 16-inch casing in Hole 1256D. The tricone bit (below the bi-center bit) opens a 9 7/8-inch hole that is reamed to 21.5 inches by the bi-center bit.

13. Transocean roughnecks make a connection between two stands of drill pipe

14. Damon Teagle (Co-Chief, UK), Doug Wilson (Co-Chief, USA), and Gary Acton (Staff Scientist) hold the impressively large pieces of Core 206-1256C-9R (10.07 m recovered), while Amado Rodrigues (Catermar, Portugal) peeks around the corner.

15. Challenger · 45 m tall derrick, to lift 1,000,000 pounds or 7000 m of drill stem ·    limited to pass into major harbors (to get into Black Sea, Turkey stopped traffic on suspension bridge) ·    During leg 4 lost 4000 m of drill stem when not tightly clamped ($1M) ·    Cores: send down barrel, and then fish up; fill 9.3 m about every 60 minutes

16. JOIDES Resolution began operations in 1978 as Sedco/BP 471, an oil exploration vessel. In January 1985, after being converted for scientific research, the vessel began working for ODP. Renamed for HMS Resolution, commanded by Captain James Cook (late 1700’s), which explored the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and the Antarctic region. 143 m (469 ft) long 21 m (68.9 ft) wide derrick 61.5 m (202 ft) above water Suspend up to 9,150 m (30,020 ft) of drill pipe ocean depth to 8,235 m (27,018 ft). "moon pool," 7 m (23 ft) wide hole, through which the drill string is lowered. Each pipe joint is about 28.5 m (93.5 ft) and weighs about 874 kg (1925 lb). Lowering drill bit takes about 12 hours in 5,500 m (18,045 ft) of water. To core through the seafloor, the entire drill string is rotated. 12 thrusters underneath and perpendicular to long axis of the ship keep vessel from rotating. operations continue 24 hours a day. Ship's complement 50 scientists and technicians and 65 crew members. Extensive renovation ended in 2009

17. 210 m long, crew 100, complement 200 Drilled to 7740 m below sea level, and 2111 m below seafloor Damage in tsunami/earthquake

18. Challenger Resolution Length 400’ 471’ Derrick 45 m 64 m Drill stem 7000 m 9144 m Max drilling depth 8230 m Crew & Drill team 50 62 Scientists & techs 26 51 Provisions 90 days Moon pool 12 m “football field”

22. Seismic reflection or subbottom profiler Each black line is a reflection from a change in sound velocity

24. Extras not used