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Settling the West People, Places, and Terms

Settling the West People, Places, and Terms. Chapter 13 Section 1 Cultures Class on the Prairie. Boomtowns - These towns grew up where there had been gold and other mineral strikes; they were rowdy places where prospectors fought over claims, and thieves haunted the streets and trails.

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Settling the West People, Places, and Terms

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  1. Settling the WestPeople, Places, and Terms

  2. Chapter 13 Section 1Cultures Class on the Prairie

  3. Boomtowns- These towns grew up where there had been gold and other mineral strikes; they were rowdy places where prospectors fought over claims, and thieves haunted the streets and trails

  4. Vigilance Committees- Often, “law and order” in boomtowns was enforced by self-appointed volunteers who would track down and punish wrongdoers

  5. Long Drive- Ranchers would round of their cattle once a year and drove them long distances to the nearest train depot for transport to slaughter houses in the growing industrial towns (cowboy culture)

  6. Great Plains- The population of this large flat area covering the middle of the U.S. with few trees grew steadily and was transformed in America’s wheat belt

  7. The last Native American wars • Final wars between the American military and Native Americans • Chased, hunted, and killed all over the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains • By the end of this period (1865- 1890) Native Americans will have been forced onto reservations (usually undesirable land) • Cheated out of land • Assimilation attempts by White • Some of the major events and people….

  8. Sand Creek Massacre- An incident some describe as a savage battle and others describe as American troops firing on unsuspecting Native American women and children

  9. George A. Custer (Battle of Little Bighorn) - Ignoring orders, and acting on his own initiative, he launched a three-pronged attack in broad daylight on a large group of Native American warriors and lost

  10. Chief Joseph-Chief of the Nez Pierce tribe in the NW. Led his people as they were chased by the American military across the NW for over a thousand miles“Our Chiefs are killed. The little children are freezing to death. My people have no blankets and no food. I am tired, my heart is sick and tired. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever”

  11. Dawes Act- Attempt to “Americanize” Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners

  12. Assimilate-Some Americans believed the solution to the Native American issues was for them to be absorbed in American society. This would lead to forced relocation, forced name changes, special schools

  13. Annuities- the agreed payments from the U.S. government for the Native Americans who would agree to live on the reservations

  14. Chapter 13 Section 2Settling on the Great Plains

  15. 1862 Homestead Act • Yeoman farmer ideal still very important • “Free Soil” party is a part of the new Republican party. (Double meaning to Free Soil) • Southern Democrats had fought against the Act because of nativists sentiments; thought it would attract undesirable Euros (especially Catholics) The Act- three step procedure for claiming land in the territories and some of the states 1. file an application 2. improve the land: farm, graze (with fences), mine 3. file for deed of title

  16. Sodbusters- People who plowed the Plains were called many eventually lost their homesteads through the combined effects of drought, wind erosion, and overuse of the land

  17. Bonanza Farms- Wheat farms that covered greater than 50,000 acres because they yielded large profits. Beginning of corporate farming

  18. Chapter 13 Section 3: Farmers and the Populist Movement • Populist (Populism)- member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people

  19. Grange- social and educational organization through which farmers attempted to combat the power of the railroads

  20. Monetary Policy Crossroads • Bimetallism- farmers and populist leaders advocated for the money supply to be based on both gold and silver (which they thought would free up money for the common man) • Gold Standard- Basing the monetary (money supply) system on gold. Less money in circulation and a stable dollar These two position defined the election of 1896 between the next two people.

  21. William McKinley- Presidential candidate (and winner) who backed the gold standard.

  22. William Jennings Bryan- populist presidential candidate nominated by the Democrats who gave the “Cross of Gold” speech. Supported by the Grange movement

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