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POWER

POWER. Need for every one. Essential for industrial growth. Most essential for national economy. Need to be enhanced for continuous growth. POWER SYSTEM. GENERATION. TRANSMISSION. DISTRIBUTION. MAJOR POWER GENERATION. Thermal 64.4%

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POWER

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  1. POWER • Need for every one. • Essential for industrial growth. • Most essential for national • economy. • Need to be enhanced for continuous growth.

  2. POWER SYSTEM GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION

  3. MAJOR POWER GENERATION • Thermal 64.4% • Atomic 2.7% • Renewable 4.9% • HYDRO 26% Small HYDROS 14.6% MAJOR HYDROS 85.4%

  4. ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES INDIVIDUAL CLASSIFICATION • Wind Mills 64 % • Bio Mass 19.4% • Waste 5 %

  5. PROBLEMS IN POWER SYSTEM -COMMERCIAL POWERLOSS 18 TO 62% ON VARIOUS STATES LOWEST POWER LOSS-ANDHRA PRADESH HIGHEST POWER LOSS – ORISSA/BIHAR COST INVOLVED FOR LOSS - • RS 70,000 CRORES IN 2005 CONTINIOUSLY INCREASING

  6. PROBLEMS IN POWER SYSTEM -TECHNICAL • Conductor Failure • Locating the area of failure • Low Voltage /High Voltage • Unbalanced Voltage/Current • Under/Over Frequency • Ageing of conductors • Number of failures of single System • Input/Output failure • High Current (Over Load).

  7. a complete solution is taking the Electrical problems through Communication networks

  8. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

  9. NEED FOR GPS IN T &D • Improving the Utility Factor. • Locating the fault area. • To minimize line losses on Transmission and Distribution. • Annunciation system to identify the status of the feeder station/ substation/distribution [Audio and video information of the fault]. • Data logging of the various events happening in transmission and distribution. • Developing Virtual instrumentation system for GPS. • Developing a reality in signal conditioner for electrical system. • Development of RTOs for Embedded. • VB Software for audio, video, and lucid informative System. • Conserve the source of power. • Easy diagnostic tool developments.

  10. WHAT IS GPS? It consisting of a sensing system coupled with a local transmitter, base station to receive various transmitted datas from different locations, a satellite for communication,and a computer along with powerful software for informative needs and decision making GPS- Global Positioning System plays vital role in finding out the position of a moving object in the globe. GPS system saves time, life, cost in many ways to the society along with greater security. Worldwide for almost all the surveillance need people started using GPS.

  11. We would like to implement the above said system to improve power system quality by improving the utility factor. At present India is loosing more than 70,000 crore rupees every year due to poor transmission and distribution system. If we could save 1% out of it will be a good profit to the power sector and also nature can be retained for some more extent.

  12. Power generation in India we believe coal for higher power generation index approx 70% of the total power produced. Thermal power plants are the major contributors in the power sectors for at least another 80-100years.After 100years the word coal will be in the paper only. This can be extended by conservation. Essentially conservation of energy will be possible only when we conservative coal forever. To conservative coal, losses must be reduced, utility factors must be improved, a proper distribution and monitoring system must be developed..

  13. When all the above said things works better on line, we can save power. Unfortunately all are not in a single roof and not possible because it is a network of about thousands of kilometers. When we analyze the above said matters a common objective system is needed to remove the unwanted barriers of the power sector. GPS is the remedy for the above and can be better implemented in power system environments, because it doesn’t need hard wiring throughout the transmission and distribution We would like to automate the fault-finding system of the transmission and distribution to improve the utility factor, uninterruptible power, to reduce losses, to save the time thereby saving the cost.

  14. The state of art Embedded technology will be used in our project to minimize the electronic hardware. Embedded technology is used everywhere to minimize the cost and maximizing the work ability. Embedded systems will have all the needs of industrial control, monitoring, interfacing with any latest communication systems like GSM, CDMA, WAP, IR, BLUETOOTH. Flash Embedded technology to achieve higher speed from MICROCHIP Corporation will be used in our project along with appropriate electronic hardware to have better interface with the computer. Visual Basic software will be employed for better visual and audio effect. A real time electrical hardware to prove our idea will be developed for reality, implementation and demonstration.

  15. GPS ESSENTIAL FOR MISSION 2012 Accelerating economic growth and achieving higher standards of living, depends upon the availability of adequate and reliable power at an affordable price. Keeping this in mind the government of India has an ambitious mission –‘Power for all by 2012 ‘, a mission that would require our installed generation capacity to be at least 2,00,000 MW by 2012 from the present level of 1,14,000MW.

  16. EXPANSION REQUIRED FOR MISSION 2012 An expansion of the regional transmission network and inter regional capacity to transmit power would be essential .The latter is required because resources are unevenly distributed in the country and power needs to be carried great distances to areas where load center exist.

  17. The total installed power generating capacity in the country in the year 2004 was 1,12,058MW and the total numbers of consumers were over 130 million. Apart from an extensive transmission system network at 400kV, 220kV, 132kV, 132kV and 66kV,which has developed to transmit the power from the generating stations to the grid substations, a vast network of sub transmission and distribution system has also come up for the utilization of the power by the ultimate consumers.

  18. POWER LOSSES However, due to lack of adequate investments on transmission and distribution (T&D), losses have been consistency on the higher side, and are presently in the range of 18 percent to 62 percent in various states. Reduction of these losses by undertaking distribution system improvement works has not been possible for want of adequate funds .The aggregate technical and commercial (AT&T) losses are in the range of 50 percent.

  19. With the setting up of state regulatory commissions in the country, accurate estimation of T&D losses has gained importance as the level of losses directly affects the sales and power purchase requirements and hence has a bearing on the determination of electricity tariff of a utility by the commission.

  20. THE HIGH T&D LOSES ARE ATTRIBUTED TO: • Weak and inadequate sub-transmission and distribution systems due to haphazard growth of demand to meet the short-term objective of extension of power supply to new areas. • Long transmission and distribution lines. • Inappropriate size of conductors •   Improper load management, resulting in overloading of systems • ·        Pilferage and theft of energy • ·        Unmetered supply • Financial constraints to undertake system improvement schemes

  21. Done by STUDENTS OF SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY Guided by ORBIT CONTROLS AND SERVICES

  22. FLASH EMBEDDED CONTROLLER RS 232 Converter Signal Conditioners Analog Inputs INPUTS FROM TRANSMISSION LINES Substation Feeder Station Generation Station Receiving Data Processing Decision Making Demodulator (Demux) GPS Receiver (Wireless) TO CONTROL LOCAL DISTRIBUTION LINES SWITCH GEARS RELAYS DISTRIBUTION BUS FROM STEP DOWN HT TRANSFORMER MAIN BLOCK-DIAGRAM

  23. Remote Transmission Cubical Remote Transmission Fault Sensing System 1 TX Fault Sensing System 2 TX SOLAR POWER AND RCB’s SOLAR POWER AND RCB’s REMOTESENSINGSYSTEM Like the above various zones to be constructed.

  24. BASE STATION TRANSMITTER RECEIVER ZONE 1 ZONE N LONG TRANSMISSION AREAS REMOTE SENSING

  25. GAIN ADJUSTMENT POTENTIAL DIVIDER FULL WAVE PRECISION RECTIFIER NOISE FILTERS PROTECTION CIRCUITS PT TO ADC VOLTAGE SENSING

  26. GAIN ADJUSTMENT SHUNT FULL WAVE PRECISION RECTIFIER NOISE FILTERS PROTECTION CIRCUITS CT TO ADC CURRENT SENSING

  27. TRANSISTOR PACK DRIVER ULN 2003 6 RELAYS MODULE TO FIELD SWITCHING RELAY CIRCUITS

  28. SPECIFICATIONS: OBJECTIVE : RELAY DRIVER TYPE : ELECTRO-MAGNETIC VOLTAGE : 12V DC COIL RESISTANCE : 200 COIL CURRENT : 60mA RELAY CONTACT TIME : 60mSec CONTACT CURRENT : 10A CONTACT VOLTAGE : 250V TYPE OF DRIVER : TRANSISTOR PACK DIODE CLAMPING : TO AVOID BACK EMF

  29. DC VOLTAGE RELAY Potential Divider ZENER PROTECTION TO ADC I/P OF PIC CABLE FAULT

  30. SPECIFICATIONS: OBJECTIVE:CABLE FAULT TYPE : IMPEDANCE RELAY METHOD DC SOURCE : AS A SECONDARY INJECTION PRINCIPLE OBJECTIVE : RELAY DRIVER TYPE : ELECTRO-MAGNETIC VOLTAGE : 12V DC COIL RESISTANCE : 200 COIL CURRENT : 60mA RELAY CONTACT TIME : 60mSec CONTACT CURRENT : 10A CONTACT VOLTAGE : 250V TYPE OF DRIVER : TRANSISTOR PACK DIODE CLAMPING : TO AVOID BACK EMF POTENTIAL DIVIDER : 100:1 VOLTAGE : 12VDC TYPE OF CONDUCTOR : OVERHEAD

  31. FULL WAVE PRECISION RECTIFIER PT SCHIMITT TRIGGER PULSE DOUBLER F/V CONVERTER TO ADC AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT

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