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The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics NSF Physics Frontier Center

The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics NSF Physics Frontier Center. What are the origins of the elements? Why do stars explode? What is the physics of compact stars?. PAN 2006 Introduction. Science at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics.

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The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics NSF Physics Frontier Center

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  1. The Joint Institute for Nuclear AstrophysicsNSF Physics Frontier Center What are the origins of the elements? Why do stars explode? What is the physics of compact stars? PAN 2006 Introduction Science at the intersectionof nuclear physics and astrophysics

  2. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics Core Institutions University of Notre Dame Michigan State University University of Chicago Associate Institutions University of Arizona Arizona State University University of California (SB, SC) Argonne National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory ViSTAR-GSI Collaborations SciDAC SN Center SDSS-II-SEGUE DUSEL RIA-ARIA 12 research groups – 20 faculty members - 21 postdocs - 25 graduate students

  3. JINA research Observing what the eyes cannot see OBSERVATION What makes a supernova explode? Understanding what is observed THEORY What are the origins of the elements? What is the physics of compact stars? Replicating in the laboratory stellar processes observed and theorized EXPERIMENT

  4. Nuclear Physics Theory Nuclear Physics Experiment Mengoni Käppeler Paul Heil Iliadis Langanke Chamon Ugalde Dababneh Brown Mathews Wiescher O’Brian Rapp Tang Palumbo Görres Aprahamian Rehm Ahmad Beard Ashenfelter Primas Jiang Couture Wöhr Truran Collon Fisker Townsley Davids Sun Afanasjev Calder Kratz Piro Gasques Bildsten Woosley Thielemann Sherrill Lattanzio Chang Lynch Arras Cole Lugaro Hosmer Cummings Karakas Austin Clement Yakovlev Schatz Burles Beers Mantica Brown Thompson Estrade Santi DeYoung Montes Ouelette Gallino Famiano Christlieb Herwig Glasner Cowan Heger Sneden Reifarth Livne Murphy Fryer Burrows Astrophysics Observation Astrophysics Theory The JINA collaboration Network

  5. Major Research Focus & Components MRC1 - Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Evolution MRC2 - Nucleosynthesis in Supernova Shock Front MRC3 - Nucleosynthesis in Cataclysmic Binaries

  6. MRC1 Nuclear reactions determine the life times of stars and our sun – 6 billion years Nuclear reactions drive stellar explosions – 6 milliseconds Nuclear processes are the engine of the Universe ! The active (radioactive) Universe

  7. 14N(p,)15O and the limits of measurement MRC1 Top line is previous accepted value; bottom line is present measurement. New experiments at LUNA, LENA, TAMU confirm lower S-factor extrapolation ! • reduction of total reaction rate • increases globular cluster age by ~1 billion years

  8. MRC2 Each heavy atom in our body was built and processed through ~40 supernova explosions since the beginning of time! We are made of star stuff Carl Sagan

  9. MRC2 Cocktail beam 78Ni 1.E+02 1.E+01 Observed Abundances 1.E+00 Model Calculation with 460ms Abundance Model calculations with 110ms 1.E-01 1.E-02 70 120 170 220 Mass (A) Success Stories 110 ms instead of predicted 460 ms

  10. Simulated Supernova

  11. Surface of accreting neutron stars MRC 3 Neutron star surface Nuclearreactions Radiativecooling H,He spallation gas thermonuclear ashes ocean thermonuclear outer crust Electroncapture Innercrust pycnonuclear n cooling D. Page

  12. Simulated X-Ray Burst

  13. The Tools & Toys of JINA Plan for St. George @ ND NERO Detector @ MSU FN Tandem Accelerator @ ND Large Binocular Telescope

  14. The PAN program • Why? • To educate teachers and young students about nuclear astrophysics • To create awareness of the research being performed in this field • To interest young people in nuclear (astro) physics (career option?) • How? • Lectures to provide theoretical back ground • By NSCL Faculty on a wide variety of subjects • Hands-on! Built a cosmic ray detector, decay lab. • Stimulate informal discussion • Program aimed at providing material that can be used in the class room • Teach general data analysis skills

  15. The schedule

  16. 10-2 m insects

  17. 10-5 m: a lymphocyte (cell for immune system) Scale of cellular biology

  18. 10-8 m: DNA A double helix structure

  19. 10-10 m: atom Field Emission Scanning Microscope image of Platinum surface

  20. 10-14 m: The nucleus 12C (6 protons and 6 neutrons)

  21. 10-15m: nucleons & the particle zoo cosmic rays

  22. 10-16 m: quarks and gluons The smallest known building blocks

  23. nuclear physics

  24. particle physics

  25. quark-gluon physics long island

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