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Pragmatics II

Pragmatics II. Non-Literal Communication. Pragmatics II. Non-Literal Communication Overstatement: No one understands me. A pig wouldn’t eat this food. Pragmatics II. Non-Literal Communication Overstatement: No one understands me. A pig wouldn’t eat this food.

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Pragmatics II

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  1. Pragmatics II • Non-Literal Communication

  2. Pragmatics II • Non-Literal Communication • Overstatement: No one understands me. A pig wouldn’t eat this food.

  3. Pragmatics II • Non-Literal Communication • Overstatement: No one understands me. A pig wouldn’t eat this food. • Irony or sarcasm: Boy, this food is great! (terrible)

  4. Pragmatics II • Non-Literal Communication • Overstatement: No one understands me. A pig wouldn’t eat this food. • Irony or sarcasm: Boy, this food is great! (terrible) • Figures of speech: I’ve got three hands (workers) here to help.

  5. Pragmatics II • Non-Literal Communication • The hearer can recognize that the speaker is saying something which is contextually inappropriate, and therefore non-literal

  6. Pragmatics II • Indirect Communication

  7. Pragmatics II • Indirect Communication • The door is over there. (asking someone to leave) • I’m sure the cat likes having its tail pulled. (requesting someone to stop pulling the cat’s tail) • I should never have done that. (used to apologize)

  8. Pragmatics II • Proverbs

  9. Pragmatics II • Proverbs • Let sleeping dogs lie. • Don’t cry over spilled milk. • Look before you leap. • Every cloud has a silver lining. • Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

  10. Pragmatics II • Proverbs • Let sleeping dogs lie. • Don’t cry over spilled milk. • Look before you leap. • Every cloud has a silver lining. • Absence makes the heart grow fonder. • We use proverbs to distance ourselves from the advice they give.

  11. Pragmatics II • Message Model vs. Inferential Theories (Conclusion) • The Message Model gives us the basic format for communication (message encoded by speaker, transmitted through sound, then decoded by hearer.

  12. Pragmatics II • Message Model vs. Inferential Theories (Conclusion) • The Message Model gives us the basic format for communication (message encoded by speaker, transmitted through sound, then decoded by hearer. • Inferential Theories allow us to analyze the quality of the both the encoding and decoding process via communicative strategies.

  13. Pragmatics II • Discourse and Conversation

  14. Pragmatics II • Discourse and Conversation • Language and context: the social, physical environment in which a speaker finds himself.

  15. Pragmatics II • Discourse and Conversation • Language and context: the social, physical environment in which a speaker finds himself. • Openings: attention getting utterances (Hey! What the! Hello! Sup?)

  16. Pragmatics II • Discourse and Conversation • Language and context: the social, physical environment in which a speaker finds himself. • Openings: attention getting utterances (Hey! What the! Hello! Sup?) • Turn talking: (P1) The speaker selects the next speaker; (P2) The first to speak becomes the speaker; (P3) The speaker continues his own remarks.

  17. Pragmatics II • Discourse and Conversation • Closings • Preclosing: We-ell, it’s been nice seeing you. • Closing: See you. Good-bye.

  18. Pragmatics II • Special Topics

  19. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Performatives: certain words or utterances made by certain people in certain circumstances actually do something: “I do” said at a wedding

  20. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speech Acts:

  21. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speech Acts: • Utterance acts: shouting, whispering, murmuring

  22. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speech Acts: • Utterance acts: shouting, whispering, murmuring • Illocutionary acts: promising, reporting, asking

  23. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speech Acts: • Utterance acts: shouting, whispering, murmuring • Illocutionary acts: promising, reporting, asking • Perlocutionary acts: intimidating, persuading, deceiving.

  24. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speech Acts: • Utterance acts: shouting, whispering, murmuring • Illocutionary acts: promising, reporting, asking • Perlocutionary acts: intimidating, persuading, deceiving. • Propositional acts: referring, prediction

  25. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speaker meaning: The agent intended the utterance of x to produce some effect in an audience by means of the recognition of this intention.

  26. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Speaker meaning: The agent intended the utterance of x to produce some effect in an audience by means of the recognition of this intention. • Saying: operative meaning of the utterance; the time of utterance; what the subject is being used to refer to.

  27. Pragmatics II • Special Topics • Implication: • Questioner: Where is your husband? • Speaker: He is in the living room or the kitchen. • Implication: The speaker doesn’t know where he is.

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