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Biotechnology

Biotechnology. the use of organisms and biological processes to provide food, chemicals and services to meet the needs of humans also includes the industrial use of recombinant DNA, cell fusion, novel bioprocessing techniques, and bioremediation. 1864 Pasteurization.

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology the use of organisms and biological processes to provide food, chemicals and services to meet the needs of humans also includes the industrial use of recombinant DNA, cell fusion, novel bioprocessing techniques, and bioremediation

  2. 1864 Pasteurization French chemist -Louis Pasteur • Developed pasteurization: process which uses heat to destroy harmful microorganisms in products • The products are then sealed airtight for safety • enhanced quality of life, allowing products such as milk to be transported without spoiling.

  3. 1865 Mendel and modern genetics • Gregor Mendel : Austrian monk, botanist and plant scientist • studied the principal of heredity • Experimenting with garden peas he successfully cross-bred traits, color, plant ht and pod size. • showed that differences such as a ht or color could be attributed to the passing of traits and genes

  4. 1953 Discovery of DNA structure • People didn’t know where genes lived until DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered or understood in the early 1950s • James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the the ladder like helix structure called DNA • DNA was essential to the exploration of biotechnology

  5. The story of Insulin and Biotechnology • Your body produces insulin to regulate glucose levels. • Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin. • pigs and cows: first provided diabetic patients with insulin injections • Scientists did not know the long term effects of having animal insulin in your body.

  6. The story of Insulin and Biotechnology • In 1978, Boyer was able to take pieces of human DNA and isolate a gene for insulin using biotechnology • This scientific advancement vastly improved quality of life for many people living with diabetes and guaranteed their safety.

  7. 1980- Today • In early 1990’s, Hawaiian papaya farmers watched as a devastating virus wiped out their crops. • Papaya ring spot virus ruins fruit and kills trees. • This is one of Hawaii's top crops and brings in over $40 million, farmers were strapped for solutions. • Researchers at the University of Hawaii and Cornell University developed a virus-resistant papaya plant through biotechnology. • Today after near disaster, the Hawaiian papaya industry is thriving through this biotechnology innovation.

  8. Today • Advances in biotechnology have allowed farmers to benefit from greater productivity and output with less cost, effort and economic risk, and a reduced burden to the environment • Biotechnology has enhance the food products you see on your table each day, some include: • Healthier, easier- to- cook, tastier foods • Foods with added health benefits • Foods that last longer

  9. Biotechnology For the World • Agriculture around the world is challenging especially in developing countries where farmers face drought, plant diseases, insects and low crop yields • Biotechnology offers a promise for a world population expected to reach nearly nine billion by 2050 • Biotechnology products have the potential to help children around the world who suffer from nutritional deficiencies.

  10. Medicine and Biotechnology • Considerable efforts are being devoted to the development of vaccines for killer diseases such as AIDS • Monoclonal antibodies will be used to boost the body’s defense and guide anti-cancer drugs to their target sites. • Technology may also help to rid the human and animal world of a range of parasitic diseases by producing specific antibodies to particular parasites

  11. Medical Biotechnology • Synthesis of drugs, hormones, and animal health products, together with drug-delivery mechanisms, are all advancing rapidly • Enzyme replacement and gene replacement therapy are other areas where progress is anticipated • The next decade will see significant advances in medicine, agriculture, and animal health directly attributed to biotechnology

  12. Growth Potential for Worldwide Biotechnological Markets by the Year 2000

  13. Emerging Careers in….Biotechnology • Biotechnology may be one of the most applied sciences of the 21st century • This science uses living cells and materials produced by cells to create pharmaceutical, diagnostic, agricultural, environmental, and other products to benefit society. • With the United States as the current world leader in the research, development, and commercialization of biotechnology products, biotechnology offers many exciting career opportunities across a multitude of industries.

  14. Careers in Biotechnology

  15. Something to thing about.. • With the advances in biotechnology, soon we may have designer babies. Is this good or bad? Many ethical questions will and have arrived along with all this wonderful knowledge. • If you were pregnant with your first child and you could have an amniocentesis would you? If you do and find out the infant is going to be grossly retarded would you keep the baby or have an abortion? • With knowledge comes much responsibility. • Think about it.

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