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Chapter 9 – Section 2: (1) The Louisiana Purchase

Chapter 9 – Section 2: (1) The Louisiana Purchase. Western Territory 1. Americans moved west in search of land & adventure . a. Headed over the mountains into KY, TN, & NW Territory. b. Most were farmers.

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Chapter 9 – Section 2: (1) The Louisiana Purchase

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  1. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (1) The Louisiana Purchase • Western Territory • 1. Americans moved west in search of land & adventure. • a. Headed over the mountains into KY, TN, & NW Territory. • b. Most were farmers. • c. 2 most valued possessions: 1. rifle for protection & for • hunting, and 2. an axe to hack through dense forests. • 2. 1800 – U.S. territory only extended as far west at the • Mississippi River. Area west of the river was Spain’s. • a. Many pioneers established farms along rivers that fed • into the upper Mississippi. • b. Farmers needed the river to ship crops to market. • c. Spanish allowed them to sail on lower Mississippi and • to trade in New Orleans.

  2. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (2) The Louisiana Purchase 3. The French Threat a. In 1802 the Spanish changed their policy & refused to allow American goods to move into or past N. Orleans. b. Spain & France had made a secret agreement that transferred the Louisiana Territory to France. c. This secret agreement posed a serious threat to U.S. - Napoleon Bonaparte had plans for empires in Europe & the Americas. - Jefferson was worried as he didn’t want France to control American trade on the Mississippi River. - Jefferson authorized Robert Livingston, the new minister to France, to offer as much as $10 million for N. Orleans & W. Florida to gain control of area. - Jefferson believed France had also gained Florida.

  3. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (3) The Louisiana Purchase • Revolt in Santo Domingo • Santo Domingo was a naval base in the Caribbean and • Napoleon recognized its importance for control of the • American empire. • However, Napoleon’s dream was dashed when enslaved • Africans and other laborers in S.D. were inspired by the • French Revolution. • They revolted against the S.D. plantation owners. • The rebels led by Toussaint-Louerture declared the French • colony an independent republic and set-up a new govt. • In 1802 Napoleon sent troops to regain control. They • captured T.Louerture, but couldn’t get control of the island. • By 1804 the French were driven out & S.D. took name of • Haiti.

  4. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (4) The Louisiana Purchase • The Nation Expands • - Now Napoleon had little use for Louisiana. • N.B. also needed money for war plans vs. Great Britain. • French For. Min. Charles de Talleyrandtold the Americans • that the Louisiana Territory was for sale. • James Monroe was T.J.’s representative and was taken • completely by surprise. He wasn’t authorized to accept the • offer, so they negotiated over a few days and settled on a • price of $15 million. • T.J. was pleased with the acquisition, but was worried • whether it was a legal deal. The Constitution didn’t say • anything about acquiring new land. T.J. decided the Con- • stitution’s treaty-making powers made it legal & accepted. • - The size of the U.S. immediately doubled.

  5. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (5) The Louisiana Purchase • Lewis and Clark • T.J. wanted to quickly know about their new land. Even • before it was a done deal, he had persuaded Congress to • approve an expedition. T.J. was very interested in the • scientific aspects of the L.P. • T.J. chose 28 year-old Meriwether Lewis (soldier) who had • been part of the army that had quelled the Whiskey Reb. • T.J. then chose William Clark (32) as the co-leader. L & C • were both amateur scientists & had dealings with Native • Americans. They assembled a crew of men who left • St. Louis, MO, in the spring of 1804. L & C kept a journal. • In the Dakotas they met Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman • helped guide them & travelled with them for 18 months and • over 4000 miles. The expedition returned in 1806.

  6. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (6) The Louisiana Purchase • Pike’s Expedition • Zebulon Pike led 2 expeditions to upper Mississippi River • Valley between 1805 – 1807. Entered Colorado and found • named Grand Peak that was later named for him. • Federalist Plan to Secede • - Many Federalists opposed the L.P. They thought they would • lose control as new states were began and became Dem.- • Republicans. Federalists in Mass. plotted to withdraw • (secede) from the Union & wanted New England to form a • separate “Northern Confederacy.” Knew they needed NY in • order for it to work & embraced Aaron Burr. Ran for Gov. in • 1804.

  7. Chapter 9 – Section 2: (7) The Louisiana Purchase • Burr and Hamilton • A.H. had never trusted A.B. & accused A.B. of plotting • treason (by leaving the Union). • When A. Burr lost the election for NY Governor, he • blamed A. Hamilton & challenged him to a duel. • In Weehawken, N.J, in July 1804, armed with pistols they • met. A.H. fired first and missed, possibly deliberately to • keep from injuring him. • Aaron Burr, however, aimed to kill and hit A. Hamilton who • died the next day. • - Burr fled to avoid arrest.

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