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Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following

Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following.  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations  Structural ambiguity  Different structures with the same meaning  The creative aspect of language.

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Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following

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  1. Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations  Structural ambiguity  Different structures with the same meaning  The creative aspect of language. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 123, adapted.

  2. Phrase Structure Tree 1 “Phrase structure trees (PS trees, for short) are explicit graphic representations of a speaker’s knowledge of the structure of the sentences of his language.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 90.

  3. Phrase Structure Tree 2 “A PS tree is a formal device for representing the speaker’s knowledge of the structure of sentences in his language, as revealed by our linguistic intuitions.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 91.

  4. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 1 1. S  NP VP 2. NP  Det N (R) 3. VP  V NP 4. VP  V (R) 5. VP  V PP 6. PP  P NP 7. VP  V CP 8. CP  C S 9. NP  NP PP (A) 10. VP Aux VP (A) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 93, 96, 97, 100, 101, 107.

  5. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 2 1. S  NP VP • NP  Det N’ • Det  NP poss • NP  N’ • NP  NP PP • N’  Adj N’ • N’  N Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 110.

  6. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 1 8. VP  V 9. VP  V NP • VP  V CP 11. VP  Aux VP 12. VP  VP PP 13. PP  P NP 14. CP  C S Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 110.

  7. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 2 See pp. 112-114 of the textbook for additional rules. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 112-114.

  8. Use of PS Rules • Test to see if sentences are grammatical  Generate grammatical sentences Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 140.

  9. Hanyu Pinyin Phonemic and Spelling Alphabetand Syllabary for Modern Standard Chinese

  10. Assessing a Grammar If our GRAMMAR is complete, it should generate / describe / account for / allow / explain ALL grammatical sentences AND NO ungrammatical sentences THIS MEANS: 1. IF a rule allows an ill-formed sentence, then it must be …. 2. IF our Grammar (or a rule in our grammar) says: This sentence is grammatical (and it is), then we can say the grammar is …. 3. IF our Grammar (or a rule in our grammar) says: This sentence is grammatical (BUT WE KNOW it is NOT GRAMMATICAL), then we say .…

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