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Cold War

Cold War. Key Terms and Names. Key Terms and Names. Marshall Plan – an economic recovery plan in which the United States provided aid to European nations to rebuild their economies

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War Key Terms and Names

  2. Key Terms and Names • Marshall Plan – an economic recovery plan in which the United States provided aid to European nations to rebuild their economies • Containment – the policy of keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions • Limited War – a war fought to achieve a limited objective such as containing communism

  3. Key Terms and Names • Mao Zedong – communist leader of China • Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist leader of China who was backed by the U.S. • Alger Hiss – a government official accused of being a Communist spy • McCarthyism – Senator McCarthy’s method of destroying reputations with weak evidence and unfounded charges of Communist activity

  4. Key Terms and Names • Fallout – the radiation left over after a nuclear blast • Perjury – lying under oath • Sputnik – the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, developed by the Soviet Union • Brinkmanship – the willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down

  5. Key Terms and Names • Massive retaliation – the policy of threatening Communist states with nuclear war if the state tried to take territory by force • Jonas Salk – research scientist who developed a vaccine that prevented polio • Baby boom – the time between 1945 and 1961, when more than 65 million children were born

  6. Key Terms and Names • Truman Doctrine – this policy stated that the U.S. would try to stop the spread of communism • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Organization created by Western Allies to oppose the Soviets • Rosenbergs – a married couple who were executed for helping the Soviet Union.

  7. Key Terms and Names Civil Rights • New Frontier – President Kennedy’s domestic programs • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. – Leader of the Civil Rights movement of the late 1950’s and 1960’s. Believed in passive resistance, non-violent protests. • CORE– Congress of Racial Equality • SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

  8. Key Terms and Names Civil Rights • Brown v. Board of Education – Supreme Court case ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. • Thurgood Marshall – chief counsel for NAACP and later Supreme Court Chief Justice • Freedom Riders – teams of African Americans and white Americans who traveled through the South to draw attention to the South’s refusal to integrate bus terminals

  9. Key Terms and Names Civil Rights • Civil Rights Act of 1964 – law that made segregation illegal in most public places • SNCC – Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. • Black Panthers – a militant African American group that preached black power, black nationalism, and economic self-sufficiency • Malcolm X – most visible spokesperson of the Black Power movement, credited with raising the self-esteem of black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage.

  10. Terms and Names Civil Rights • Black Power – a movement that called for African American control of the social, political, and economic direction of the struggle for equality • African American militants urged civil rights through forceful demonstrations of “black power” instead of nonviolent means.

  11. Key Terms and Names Vietnam • Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam leader of the nationalism movement (Communist leader) • Domino theory – the belief that if Vietnam fell to communism, so would the other Southeast Asian nations. • Vietcong – guerrilla army organized by Ho Chi Minh • Napalm – a jellied gasoline that explodes on contact

  12. Key Terms and Names Vietnam • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – a Congressional resolution that allowed President Johnson to use force to defend American troops in Vietnam • Vietnamization – a plan for a gradual withdrawal of American troops and for the South Vietnamese army to take over more of the fighting in Vietnam

  13. Key Terms and Names Reagan Years • Supply-side economics – the economic idea that cutting taxes would boost businesses and provide more money for consumers to spend • Reaganomics – the term given to President Reagan's approach to solving the nation’s economic problems • Sandra Day O’ Connor – first woman on the Supreme Court

  14. Key Terms and Names Reagan Years • Iran-Contra scandal – illegal operation in which profits from arm sales to Iran were diverted to the contras in Nicaragua • Oliver North – major figure in the Iran-Contra scandal • Start – Strategic Arms Reduction talks to reduce the number of missiles on both sides.

  15. Key Terms and Names Reagan Years • SDI – Reagan’s space -based anti-missile system (Strategic Defense Initiative) better known as “Star Wars”.

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