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Cold War

Cold War. Chapter 36b. Intro: Cold War. By end of WWII, alliance between G.B., U.S., and U.S.S.R. disintegrating Cold war = competition for global influence between democracy/capitalism and communism Led to: alliances (-> “iron curtain”), client states, arms race, diplomatic

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War Chapter 36b

  2. Intro: Cold War • By end of WWII, alliance between G.B., U.S., and U.S.S.R. disintegrating • Cold war = competition for global influence between democracy/capitalism and communism • Led to: alliances (-> “iron curtain”), client states, arms race, diplomatic crises, military conflicts, brink of nuclear war

  3. Origins of the Cold War • United Nations: supra-national organization to keep world peace and security (1945) • Soviets wanted friendly gov’ts in E. Eur. • Truman doctrine: divided world, “containment: of communism through foreign intervention • Marshall Plan: rebuild Europe and support Truman doctrine • Soviet response: COMECON to help satellite nations

  4. Origins of the Cold War (cont.) • Military alliances: NATO = against Soviet aggression, included W. Germany (rearmed) -> Warsaw Pact = collective defense against NATO

  5. Origins of the Cold War (cont.) • A Divided Germany: Berlin and Germany divided into 4 admin zones • Soviets wanted control of Berlin • Western powers merged zones -> Soviets blockaded W. Berlin -> Berlin Airlift • => 2 states: W. Germany and E. Germany • To stop refugees from leaving East Berlin, Soviets built Berlin Wall over previous fortifications (1961)

  6. The Globalization of the Cold War • China: communists won civil war, nationalists retreat to Taiwan, Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China (1949) • Closely allied with Soviets with U.S. as common enemy (due to anticommunism, aid of Japan, and client states in S. Korea and Taiwan) • Plus, Soviets provided military and economic aid to China

  7. The Globalization of the Cold War: Korean War (cont.) • End of WWII: Korea partitioned at 38th parallel by US and USSR • Unable to agree on unification -> 2 states (north: communist, south: democratic) = armed clients • 1950: north invaded south, US pushed north back and tried to unify, China pushed south back to 38th parallel and stalemate • 1953: ceasefire, but no peace treaty

  8. Globalization of the Cold War (cont.) • = globalization of containment policy and US aid to non-communist Asian countries • Eisenhower’s domino theory -> more US intervention • China-Soviet alliance began to cool • Nuclear arms race: “proliferation”, -> MAD capacity => terror, but stability

  9. Globalization of the Cold War (cont.) • Cuba, 1959: Castro overthrew Batista (US sugar connection) • Castro accepted Soviet aid and declared Marxist-Leninist gov’t • 1961: JFK authorized CIA supported invasion of Cuba by anti-Castro Cubans = failed (and US prestige in Latin Am. Dropped) • Castro accepted Soviet missiles to deter future attacks • 1962: nuclear missiles in Cuba -> JFK ultimatum and blockade -> compromise with Krushev to remove missiles in Cuba and Turkey and promise not to invade Cuba

  10. Dissent, Intervention, and Rapprochment • Destalinization: removal of influence, less gov’t control, release of political prisoners, and “peaceful coexistence” foreign policy by communist leaders (1956-64) • Hungary and Czechoslovakia tried to weaken ties and liberalize, but Soviets invaded and squashed movement • Late 1960s: US/USSR détente = reduction in hostility -> less tension, negotiations, state visits (by Nixon)

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