Lenin to Stalin

1. Lenin to Stalin Mr. Eischen, Mr. Cleveland and Mrs. McCarthy

2. Review- Bolsheviks in Power • Lenin orders all farmland to be distributed among the peasants and gave control of the factories to the workers

3. Rvw-Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • The Bolsheviks sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany • Russia had to surrender a large chunk of territory to Germany • The land contained a large portion of Russia’s population and industry.

4. Review cont. Civil War • Bolshevik opponents- the White Army (supporter of the Czar) • Leon Trotsky commanded the Bolshevik Red Army • Around 15 million Russians died in the civil war from 1918-1920 • The Red Army won

5. Lenin’s Political Reforms • Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics under one central gov’t • The country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Bolsheviks -Communist Party

6. v. • Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism • Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in Russia first • Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own party

7. Lenin Dies • V. Lenin died 1924 • Creates a struggle for Power between Stalin and Trotsky, among others.

8. Stalin v. Trotsky cont… • Trotsky was stripped of party membership and fled into exile in 1929 • He was later murdered in Mexico by an agent working for Stalin

9. Stalin becomes Dictator After forcing Trotsky out Stalin focused on Russia’s development • He used the phrase “socialism in one country” to describe his aims of perfecting a Communist state

10. Stalin’s Totalitarian State • Totalitarianism - a gov’t that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life

11. Stalin’s Economic Reforms • Lenin’s NEP was a mixture of free enterprise and state control • Stalin’s economic policy called for total state control • He called for a command economy, which is a system where the government makes all economic decisions

12. USSR’s Industrial Revolution • In 1928, Stalin outlined his “Five-Year Plan for USSR • The five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity

13. USSR’s Industrial Revolution cont… • To reach unrealistic quotas, the gov’t limited production • People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and other goods • The gov’t controlled every aspect of the worker’s life, which took a toll on peoples personal lives • From 1928-1937, industrial production only increased by 25%

14. Agricultural Revolution • In 1925, the gov’t seized 25 million privately owned farms • They were combined into collective farms • Peasants resisted the gov’t and Stalin used terror and violence to force the peasants to work

15. Agricultural Revolution • The kulaks- a wealthy class of peasants, resisted heavily and the gov’t executed them or sent them into exile • By 1938, 90% of peasants lived on collective farms

16. Weapons of Totalitarianism • Police Terror • Dictators of totalitarian states uses terror and violence to force obedience • Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers Lavrent Beria (right): head of secret police

17. Weapons of Totalitarianism • In 1934, Stalin launched the Great Purge- • a campaign of terror that was directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power • By 1939, Stalin gained total control of both the Soviet government and the Communist Party

18. Weapons of Totalitarianism 2) Indoctrination and Propaganda • Totalitarian states rely on indoctrination or instruction on the govt’s set of beliefs, to mold people’s minds • Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on the ideals of communism • The State supported youth groups and used them as training grounds for future party members

19. Weapons of Totalitarianism • Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of Communism and Stalin • Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that praised Soviet way of life

20. Weapons of Totalitarianism 3) Censorship • Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity that threatened conformity • Gov’t controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio and other sources of information

21. Weapons of Totalitarianism 4) Religious Persecution • Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism • The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution • Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecuted

22. Education • The government controlled all education from nursery school to the university • School children learned the virtues of the Communist Party • They party also set up youth programs called Komsomols • Communist rule ended in the 1990’s.