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Chapter 23

Chapter 23. Topical Medications. Chapter 23 Lesson 23.1. Learning Objectives. Identify major categories of medications used topically Describe specific administration techniques for topical products List at least three preparations used to treat eye, ear, and skin problems.

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Chapter 23

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  1. Chapter 23 Topical Medications

  2. Chapter 23 Lesson 23.1

  3. Learning Objectives • Identify major categories of medications used topically • Describe specific administration techniques for topical products • List at least three preparations used to treat eye, ear, and skin problems

  4. The Integumentary System

  5. Topical Medications Anorectal Medications • Emollients, foams, and gels for topical anesthesia or healing of the rectal area • Provide symptomatic relief of hemorrhoidal discomfort • Long- or short-term use Adverse Reactions • Sensitization

  6. Mouth and Throat Preparations Forms • Oral preparations, lozenges, troches, gargles, gels, mouthwashes, sprays Action • Soothe minor inflammation in the mouth, release oxygen to provide cleansing, anesthetic properties

  7. Ophthalmic Drugs Categories • Local anesthetics • Used in procedures such as tonometry, gonioscopy, cataract surgery, and removal of foreign objects from the cornea. • Antiseptic ointments • Prevent gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum in newborn infants, used to treat common eye infections, germicidal and astringent action • Ophthalmic antiinfectives • Treat eye infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses

  8. Ophthalmic Drugs (cont.) • Artificial tears • Other preparations • Antiglaucoma agents Uses • To control acute narrow-angle glaucoma before surgery • Wide-angle glaucoma • Secondary glaucoma • Congenital glaucoma before surgery

  9. Glaucoma Three Major Forms • Primary glaucoma • Narrow-angle: person has a shallow anterior eye chamber, may be genetic; requires surgery • Wide-angle glaucoma: gradual onset, controlled with medications • Secondary glaucoma • Result of other eye problems, treated with medications • Congenital glaucoma • Birth defect requiring surgical correction

  10. Antiglaucoma Medications • Sympathomimetics • Produce vasoconstriction and decrease intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma • Beta-blockers • Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing the formation of aqueous humor • Miotics, direct-acting • Cholinergic agonists

  11. Antiglaucoma Medications (cont.) • Miotics, cholinesterase inhibitors • Inactivates acetylcholinesterase • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors • Blocks action of an enzyme in the ciliary body, causing a decrease in aqueous humor secretion

  12. Antiglaucoma Medications (cont.) • Mydriatic-Cycloplegics • Block the action of acetylcholine • Mydriatics

  13. Otic Preparations • Control superficial infections of the ear • Action is bacteriostatic or bactericidal • Prophylaxis for infections in swimmers • Removing cerumen

  14. Topical Skin Preparations • Psoriasis (skin condition consisting of red and silvery-scaled maculopapules) • Antipsoriatics accelerate scaling and healing of dry lesions in chronic psoriasis • Scabies (eruptions due to mite infestation) • Scabicides are applied to the skin and used to treat scabies • Pediculosis (infestation with lice) • Pediculicides are used to treat pediculosis

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