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THE REPORTED SPEECH. THE REPORTED SPEECH. When the reporting verb is in the Simple Present, Present Perfect or Future Simple there are no changes in the reported speech. Direct Speech: I can explain. Reported Speech: He says he can explain. He has said he can explain.
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THE REPORTED SPEECH Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • When the reporting verb is in the Simple Present, Present Perfect or Future Simple there are no changes in the reported speech. Direct Speech: I can explain. Reported Speech: He sayshe can explain. He has saidhe can explain. He will say he can explain. Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • When the reporting verb is in any of the tenses of thepastthe verbs of the direct speech need to be changed: Direct Speech Reported Speech Simple Present → Simple Past Pres. Continuous → Past Continuous Simple Past → Past Perfect Present Perfect → Past Perfect Past Perfect → Past Perfect Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH Direct Speech Reported Speech Future → Conditonal (would +inf) Imperative → To-infinitive Direct Speech: She drinks tea. Reported Speech: She said sheDRUNKtea. Direct Speech: He ate a cake. Reported Speech: He said he HAD EATEN a cake. Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Reporting the Imperative. - The imperative changes into a to-infinitive. - It is introduced by verbs such as tell, order, ask, warn, advise, request. Direct Speech: Go away! Reported Speech: Hetoldmeto goaway. Direct Speech: Do the homework! Reported Speech: Heorderedmeto dothe homework. Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Other changes: Direct Speech Reported Speech Here → There This → That These → Those Now → Then Today → That day Tonight → That night Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Other changes: Direct Speech Reported Speech Tomorrow → The next day The following day Yesterday → The day before Next week → The following week Ago → Before Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Exercises 1. They don’t know the school rules. The headmaster said 2. Don’t speak so loud! I advised them 3. The farmers are facing difficult problems. We were informed that 4. They didn’t send the documents yesterday. The police said Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH 5. This is the biggest challenge we have ever faced. One of the entrepreneurs said 6. The government has sent specialized fire fighters to the area. The spokesman said 7. Some days ago the refugees refused to be deported. The journalist reported that Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Solutions 1. The headmaster said they didn’t know the school rules. 2. I advised them not to speak so loud. 3. We were informed that the farmers were facing difficult problems. 4. The police said they hadn’t sent the documents the day before. 5. One of the entrepreneurs said (that) thatwas the biggest challenge they had ever faced. Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH 6. The spokesman said the government had sent specialized fire fighters to the area. 7. The journalist reported that some days before the refugees had refused to be deported. Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Reporting Questions • There is no auxiliary “to do” Direct Speech: What do you want? Reported Speech: He askedwhat I wanted. • In questions without interrogative pronouns you use whether or if. Direct Speech: Do you know John? Reported Speech: He asked whether I knew John. if Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Reporting Questions • Reporting verbs for the interrogative: Ask, enquire, wonder, want to know EXERCISES: • Who will go to the disco with me? John asked Steven • What is happening now? Jill wanted to know Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH • Is Jim younger or older than Michael? The teacher asked 4. Have you seen the beautiful things made by this craftsman? The touristasked 5. Did he suggest any treaties with the enemy? The general wondered Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
THE REPORTED SPEECH Reporting Questions – Solutions 1. John asked Steven who would go to the disco with him. 2 . Jill wanted to know what was happening then. 3. The teacher asked whether Jim was older than Michael. 4. The touristasked if they had seen the beautiful things made by that craftsman. 5. The general wondered if he had suggested any treaties with the enemy. Isabel Soares - ISCSP - English B2 (Nível III)
