REPORTED SPEECH

1. REPORTED SPEECH

2. Four Essential Things to Remember • The use of the tenses • The change of the pronouns • The change of time expressions • The change of demonstrative pronouns (e.g. this, those, etc.)

3. Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Past Simple  Past Continuous  Past Perfect  Past Perfect  Past Continuous  Past Perfect  Future Simple in the Past  Future Cont. in the Past  Future Perfect in the Past The Sequence of Tenses

4. Here This These Now Today Yesterday Ago Last night Tomorrow there that those then, at that time that day the day before before the previous night the next (following) day The Words Expressing Nearness

5. Reported Statements • To say – if the person addressed is not mentioned • To tell – if the person is mentioned To write, to answer, to reply, to announce

6. Reported Questions • Are generally introduced by the verb to ask or to inquire • Reported ‘yes/no’ question is introduced by the conjunction if or whether • Reported ‘Wh’ question is introduced in the same interrogative word that introduced the direct question (what, when, where, etc.)

7. Reported Orders and Requests • Reported orders and requests are introduced by a verb that expresses and order or a request: to tell, to order, to command, to ask, toforbid,etc.

8. Reported Orders and Requests • An order/ request is expressed by an infinitive: Mary said to me, “Help me, please.” Mary asked me to help her.

9. Reported Orders and Requests • In a negative order/ request “not” is used before the infinitive: Mary said to me, “Don’t worry.” Mary said me not to worry.