List five details or examples for each topic you would use in answering the following prompt:

1. List five details or examples for each topic you would use in answering the following prompt: How successful were the programs of the New Deal in solving the problems of the Great Depression? Assess with respect to TWO of the following: • Relief • Recovery • Reform

2. On the Home Front

3. Minorities in War Home Front Contributions

4. What group do you think was excluded from this establishment?Why?

5. Bracero Program • Severe labor shortages in agriculture, and demand was rising. • The Bracero Program: A diplomatic agreement for the importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the United States. • ~4 million • US farmers became dependent

6. Braceros • Made America’s farms the most productive in the world. • Working conditions for migrant workers were harsh and often unsafe. Their wages were low, and they were often taken advantage of. Encouraged migrant laborers to come to the US

8. Housing for the migrant workers

9. The Victory Suit • No vest • No cuffs • Short jacket • Narrow lapels

10. Zoot Suit Riots • Zoot suits, popular with Latino youth, were seen as unpatriotic during a time when cloth was being rationed. • The riots began in Los Angeles, amidst a period of rising tensions between white sailors and the Los Angeles' Mexican-American community.

14. How are these images different in their depiction of African Americans?

15. Executive Order 8802 • Executive Order 8802: Eliminated racial discrimination in hiring for the defense industries. • Signed after A. Philip Randolph's March on Washington Movement, on June 25, 1941 • Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) - Required companies with government contracts not to discriminate on the basis of race or religion.

16. Second Great Migration • Second Great Migration: Over 5 million African Americans left the South and moved to munitions centers, especially on the West Coast. • Demographic/political changes in losing and gaining states • Became more unionized • Entered the middle class in larger numbers • Creation of black-owned businesses • Developed original religions and denominations, such as the Nation of Islam and the Pentecostal movement.

17. Double V Campaign Double V Campaign: Victory over fascism abroad, and victory over discrimination at home.

18. Detroit Race Riot - 1943

19. Armed homeowner Protecting home Rioters overturn a car

20. Japanese Internment

21. Japanese Internment Why do you think only Japanese were interned?

22. Japanese Internment • Executive Order 9066: Provided for the removal of enemy nationals from military areas, specifically removing those of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast. • ~110,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans • 62% were American citizens • Sent to “War Relocation Camps”

23. Japanese Internment • Camps built in remote, desolate areas • Housing was built quickly, many times by internees themselves; based on military barracks • Multiple families housed in one barrack • Failure to pack appropriate clothing • Armed guards were posted at the camps

24. Japanese Internment

32. Korematsu v. US Facts of the Case: Fred Korematsu violated Executive Order 9066 by refusing to relocate. Question: Did the President and Congress go beyond their war powers by implementing exclusion and restricting the rights of Americans of Japanese descent? Decision: 6-3 votes for United States • Held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu's rights. • “Clear and present danger” Result: (1988) President Reagan signs legislation that officially apologizes for internment, and pays $1.6 billion in reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned.

33. Women on the Homefront

34. Eleanor Roosevelt • First politically active First Lady with a personal social cause she advocated for • e.g. Laura Bush’s fight for literacy, Michelle Obama’s advocacy of healthy living • “My Day” • Weekly press conferences for female reporters only • Traveled extensively in support of her husband’s political programs

35. Eleanor Roosevelt • An advocate for many social causes, often irritating her husband • Flying with the Tuskegee Airmen • Advocating for Japanese Americans in Hawaii • Invited Marian Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial

36. Rosie the Riveter • In 1944, unemployment hit an all time low of 1.2% (as opposed to 25% a decade earlier). • Women began working in factories during the war, producing munitions and war supplies • Rosie the Riveter became a cultural icon • Based on Rose Will Monroe

37. Rosie the Riveter

42. All-American Girls Professional Baseball League(AAGPBL) • Baseball was America’s past time, but the war would not stop young players from being drafted • An all-female league was developed to continue the season

43. Home Front Support

44. WWII Propaganda • Office of War Information: Coordinated the release of war news for domestic use, and, using posters and radio broadcasts, worked to promote patriotism, warn about foreign spies and recruit women into war work.

45. “V for Victory”

46. Rationing • Office of Price Administration (OPA): Government organization in charge of regulating prices and rationing of consumer goods during the war. • Blue chips: Processed foods • Red chips: Meats • Green chips: Other goods • Some items—like new automobiles and appliances were no longer made. • Ration stamps were valid only for a set period to prevent hoarding.

47. Cooking without Sugar! Homemakers were faced with the challenge of feeding their families on greatly reduced portions of food, resulting in some interesting recipes.

48. Scrap Drives and Victory Gardens • Victory Gardens: private or public gardens in which food was grown to avoid purchasing foodstuffs that could be used in the war effort. • Produced up to 40% of all vegetable produce • Were planted anywhere there was room • Scrap drives were organized to recycle such products as rubber, tin, waste kitchen fats (a raw material for explosives), newspaper, lumber, steel, etc.

49. Rationing in WWII

50. Necessity being the mother of invention, women began finding substitutes for rationed goods like cloth, nylon, leather, and rubber.