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Regulating the Cell Cycle

Regulating the Cell Cycle. Biology. What do you know about Cancer?. US Statistics. 1 million new cases each year #2 cause of death Survival rates are increasing: Detection Diagnosis Treatment. Review: Why does a cell divide?. A large cell has: Trouble transporting materials

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Regulating the Cell Cycle

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  1. Regulating the Cell Cycle Biology

  2. What do you know about Cancer?

  3. US Statistics • 1 million new cases each year • #2 cause of death • Survival rates are increasing: • Detection • Diagnosis • Treatment

  4. Review: Why does a cell divide? • A large cell has: • Trouble transporting materials • Increasing demands on DNA

  5. When does a normal cell divide? • A protein called cyclin responds to external and internal factors of a cell • Cyclin regulates the Cell Cycle

  6. So what is cancer? • Process where growth and division goes wrong • New cells form incorrectly (mutations)

  7. So what is a mutation? • A change in DNA sequence • ATTCG • ATCCG

  8. Cancer begins • When mutations disrupt mitosis

  9. Normal cells • Spend most of their time in interphase

  10. Cancerous cells • Get stuck in mitosis (Short interphase) • Keep reproducing • Tumors form

  11. Benign: Cells are normal but overgrown Malignant: Cells are abnormal and divide without control Invade and destroy surrounding tissue Break away and travel through the body (metastasis) Tumors (two types)

  12. Where can a tumor occur? • Anywhere

  13. Brain Tumor

  14. Why is a Metastasis Dangerous? • Cancer that started out on your skin could spread to your lungs, brain, liver

  15. So what causes mutations? • Environmental • Genetics • Biological

  16. Symptoms • A thickening or lump in an area • Obvious change in a wart or mole • A sore that does not heal • Nagging cough/hoarseness • Changes in bowel/bladder habits • Ingestion/difficulty swallowing • Unexplained changes in weight • Unusual bleeding/discharge **Not all of these symptoms mean a person has cancer, they can have other causes

  17. If you have cancer, who do you see? • Oncologist- Cancer Doctor • The oncologist will take a biopsy and send it to the lab for testing. • Biopsy- removal of some cells from a tumor to see if they are cancerous.

  18. Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

  19. Treatment • Surgery • Chemotherapy • Radiation

  20. Prevention • Avoid excessive sunlight

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