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CHAPTER 4: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

CHAPTER 4: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION. I. Growth of Slavery. Industrial Revolution Mid 1700s to early 1800s North – Factories South – Cotton gin ( eli whitney ). What did not Northerners think about abolishing slavery?. II. The cause of tensions. A. Who had gov’t power 1. Sectionalism

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CHAPTER 4: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. CHAPTER 4: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

  2. I. Growth of Slavery • Industrial Revolution • Mid 1700s to early 1800s • North – Factories • South – Cotton gin (eliwhitney) What did not Northerners think about abolishing slavery?

  3. II. The cause of tensions A. Who had gov’t power 1. Sectionalism B. What was economic basis 1. Farming or factories?

  4. III. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • 15 and 15: California? • Gold Rush ‘49 • Extend compromise line?

  5. Admits California as a free state Upholds popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah Settles Texas/New Mexico border dispute Bans slave trade in Washington, D.C. Includes Fugitive Slave Act COMPROMISE OF 1850 Compromise of 1850

  6. IV. FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT Northerners now feel a part of the slave system. Doesn’t sit well with many

  7. V. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT • Two territories • Supposed to be free • Popular Sovereignty • Bloody Kansas • Violence in Senate a. Sumner b. Brooks

  8. VI. DRED SCOTT CASE • Slave in free territory (Wisc) • Supreme Court • Slaves are property; not people • Congressional power limited

  9. VII. South Secedes Reasons 1. Lincoln elected 1860 • Won no Southern states • South: no voice in national gov’t

  10. 2. Economics of cotton a. worldwide demand b. impact of “take care of your own first”?

  11. VII. Civil War Begins • South Carolina 1. first state to secede 2. Fort Sumter: Charleston 3. Union holds fort 4. Confederates bombard (4/12-4/14, 1861)

  12. CHARLESTON HARBOR, S. C.

  13. FORT SUMTER, SOUTH CAROLINA

  14. Dividing the Nation

  15. Long-Term Causes Immediate Cause Event South Seceeds and the Civil War Begins

  16. SECTION 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • Why was the fight over farming or factories as the basis of the economy truly stupid? • It can be said that there is nothing more American than solving the slavery issue by popular sovereignty. Explain. • What was the ultimate reason the southern states seceeded (separated) from the North?

  17. SECTIONS 2 & 3 The Civil War

  18. Lincoln’s view on slavery “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.” —Abraham Lincoln, August 22, 1862, quoted in Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln From this, what is Lincoln’s obvious goal for the Civil War?

  19. I. Battle of ANTIETAM (Summer, 1862) A. South invades North • Want British help • Emancipation Proclamation

  20. II. Emancipation Proclamation A. Issued Sept. 1862: Rejoin w/ no penalty B. Effective Jan. 1, ‘63: CSA slaves free C. Politically driven D. Effects (2):

  21. III. General U.S. Grant • Alcoholic before war • If I die, I die attitude • General of the west • Shiloh: did what was necessary 1. “All I do is win, win, win” E. Promoted 2 top general

  22. IV. GRANT & TOTAL WAR • War dragging • Break will of South • Everything fair game • Wm. Tecumseh Sherman

  23. SECTION 2 & 3 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • Give a specific supporting fact for this statement: Lincoln did not make the Emancipation Proclamation so slaves could be free. • What was the theory behind the success of Total War?

  24. SECTION 4 Reconstruction

  25. I. What was Reconstruction? • A. Rebuilding of the South economically and politically. • 1. Physical rebuilding was secondary • 2. Politics: Republicans (North) vs Dems (South)

  26. II. Andrew Johnson’s Plan • 1. Pardon all except: • a. officers and officials • b. rich planter elite ($20,000+) • c. Why not RPE? • 2. State Conventions • a. Revoke secession • b. ratify 13th Amendment • 3. Former CSA officials earn 2nd chance • a. CSA VP in Senate! • b. Alarmed Republicans

  27. III. Radical Reconstruction Southern states must: Ratify (approve) 13th, 14th,15th Amendments • 13th: slavery illegal • 14th: Born in USA, you’re a citizen • 15th: Can’t be denied the vote based on color • Write new state constitutions • Accept military rule until above is met No former CSA officials ever allowed to vote or hold office again.

  28. IMPEACHING JOHNSON • Congressional smack down for vetoes • High Crimes & Misdemeanors • 1 short • Powerless

  29. South Limits Blacks Politically • Gerrymandering • Poll tax • Literacy Test

  30. South is “Redeemed” • Amnesty Act of 1872 1. voting back to CSA officials 2. Could hold office again 3. return of old leaders 4. Dems regain control

  31. RECONSTRUCTION ENDS • Unclaimed Electoral Votes: 1876 • Hayes’ deal • Union troops pull out • Return of racial oppression

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