NUTRIENTS

1. NUTRIENTS 8TH GRADE II PARTIAL

2. ALL THE NUTRIENTS WE NEED

3. Nutrients are found in thefoodweeateveryday.Nutrients are used in: • Formation and maintenance of tissues • Wellfunctioning of ourinternalorgans • Obtainingnecessarydailyenergy • Alltheactivitiesourorganismdoes. NUTRIENTS PROTEINS CARBOHIDRATES FATS VITAMINS MINERALS WATER

4. PROTEINS SUBSTANCES THAT ARE PART OF ANIMAL TISSUE SUCH AS BLOOD,SKIN,MUSCLES ETC SO AS VEGETABLE TISSUES;SEEDS,ROOTS,LEAVES . THE WORD PROTEIN COMES FROM THE GREEK WORD MEANING PROTEIOS THAT MEANS FIRST PLACE. PROTEINS ARE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE: • CARBON • HIDROGEN • OXYGEN • NITROGEN They are formedbysmallelementscalledaminoacidsthatgettogetherformingchains and dependingonwhichonestiethatisthetype of proteintheymake.There are 23 types of aminoacidsfromwhich 8 are essentialsinceourbodycantmakethem and must be taken in throughfood. Theyhavemanyfunctons in metabolismand are building blocks in proteins. Sincethey are important in nutritionthey are commonlyused in nutritioussupplements.

5. Proteins,dairy,fruits,vegetables,andcarbohidrates

6. PROTEIN FUNCTIONS Whenweeat,proteinsgothroughsimplification and division and are separated in differentaminoacids.Theseaminoacidsgothroughtissues and are combinedtoformdifferenttypes of proteinsthathavedifferentfunctions. • They are part of tissuessuch as: muscles,nerves,bones,blood,etc. • They are part of secretions: • Saliva,thyroid,pancreas. • Whenourbodydoesn’treceiveenoughproteinsthenthesecretionsdiminish. • Protect and help stop infections and illnesses. • They are anenergysource.

7. FROM WHERE DO WE GET PROTEINS? Most of ourfood has proteinsbut in a variable proportion.Sugar and fats do nothavethemwhile vegetables havethese in poorquantity.Animalfood has them in bigquantities so as legumesin dryseeds .These are thebestsource of proteins. Combiningfoodswithproteinswiththosethat do nothavethemis a goodchoicesincethereis a balance. Rice and beans,rice and milk ,beefsoup ,mondongo soup,andspaguettiwithcheese are goodexamples of those.

8. FROM ANIMALS FROM PLANTS BEANS PEAS PEANUTS,NUTS ALMONDS CASHEWS CEREALS BEEF PORK POULTRY FISH SEA FOOD DAIRY: MILK,CHEESE,YOGURT FOODS RICH PROTEINS

9. CARBOHYDRATES

10. SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES SUGARS JELLIES,JAMS SODAS HONEYS SWEETS COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES BREADS PASTAS CEREALS BEANS YUCA,CAMOTE,PLANTAIN, MALANGA,POTATO,LLAME CARBOHYDRATES

11. Carbohydrates are energy source for humans.We find them in grains,cerealsand some tubers.They are the basic fuel for human body and they are needed for many body functions. Our brain uses a carbohydrate called glucose to function adequately. • Carbohydrates have carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. • They form chains of two or more simple carbohydrate that make a complex carbohydrate. • They give energy for : • 1. Physical activity • 2.Body functioning • 3.Give body temperature • 4.Child’s growth • 5. They save proteins stopping them to be an energy source and let them work on formation and repairment of tissues.

12. Fiber is a complex carbohydrate .It can’t be digested by our organism but it is part of the digestive process.It helps the intestine movement ,excrete,helps avoid constipation, so as hemorroidsand colon cancer. It is known as the broom of the digestive system. FOODS THAT HAVE FIBER • Fruits eaten with their skin;apples,grapes,pears,guayaba,plums. • Raw vegetables : celery,cabagge,squash,carrot • Legumes: peas and beans FIBER

13. FATS

14. Fats are made up of elements called grease acids.As carbohydrates they have carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. Fats are important for our organism’s function but must be taken in small amounts because eating too much of them and a sedentary life can cause many diseases. • Fats can be saturated and nonsaturated. • Saturated fats are solid and are found in food from animals. • Nonsaturated fats are usually liquid and are found in vegetables like vegetable oil except for coconut and African palm oil who have lots of saturated fats. FUNCTIONS OF FATS IN ORGANISM • They give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins. • Serve as vehicles for vitamins that are water soluble. • Help regulate body temperature.

15. Examples of edible animal fats are lard,fishoil,and butter. These are obtained from animals meat or under their skin so as from milk. Examples of edible plant fats are peanuts,sesame,coconut,soy and olive oil,cocoa butter and margarine. All these can be classified into saturated and nonsaturated fats.

16. SATURATED FATS NONSATURATED FATS Oils Margarine • Greasy meats • Shortening • Sour cream • Greasy cheeses • Kidneys • Cold meats • Mayonese • Liver FOODS WITH FATS

17. VITAMINS

18. VITAMINS : These are nutrients that regulate processes in our organism. They do not provide us with energy and do not form any part of our body.They are needed in our organism but in small quantities. They can be dissolved in water or in fats. HIDROSOLUBLE: These vitamins are found dissolved in food’s water and are vitamins B and C. These vitamins move freely in our organism and our kidneys eliminate the excess through urine.Because of this they must be consumed daily to cover our organism needs. LIPOSOLUBLE:These vitamins are found in food’s fats.These are A , D ,E ,K . These are absorbed by our organism in a slower process and stay in the cells with the fats.The excess is stored in the body to be used in future needs.

19. Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate). You can usually get all your vitamins from the foods you eat. Your body can also make vitamins D and K. People who eat a vegetarian diet may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement. • Each vitamin has specific jobs. If you have low levels of certain vitamins, you may develop a deficiency disease. For example, if you don't get enough vitamin D, you could develop rickets. Some vitamins may help prevent medical problems. Vitamin A prevents night blindness. • The best way to get enough vitamins is to eat a balanced diet with a variety of foods. In some cases, you may need to take a daily multivitamin for optimal health. However, high doses of some vitamins can make you sick.

24. MINERALS

25. MINERALS Just like vitamins, minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat. Macro and Trace The two kinds of minerals are: macrominerals and trace minerals. Macro means "large" in Greek (and your body needs larger amounts of macrominerals than trace minerals). The macromineral group is made up of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.

26. Atrace of something means that there is only a little of it. So even though your body needs trace minerals, it needs just a tiny bit of each one. Scientists aren't even sure how much of these minerals you need each day. Trace minerals includes iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

29. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

30. NUTRITION IN HONDURAS

31. Problems of vit. and min. deficiencies

34. CHRISTMAS CRAFT 20 • 2 COOKING LABS 20 • POSTER 15 EVALUATION

35. Food safety and sanitation

36. Bacteria – intoxication and infection