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Reading FocusWhat were the characteristics of Athenian democracy?How did the Greeks manage to win the Persian Wars?What advances were made in the golden age of Athens?What led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War?. Main IdeaThe Classical Age of ancient Greece was marked by great achievements, including the development of democracy, and by ferocious wars. .

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    1. Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Athenian Democracy The Persian Wars Map: Persian Wars The Golden Age of Athens Faces of History: Pericles The Peloponnesian War Map: Greece Before the Peloponnesian War Quick Facts: Causes and Effects of the Peloponnesian War

    4. Draco (not Malfoy) Around 620 BC, Draco, the lawgiver, wrote the first known written law of Ancient Greece. Draco was an Athenian lawgiver whose harsh legal code punished both trivial and serious crimes in Athens with death--hence the continued use of the word draconian to describe repressive legal measures. Today the word draconian means harsh or severe. Draco's laws were shockingly severe, so severe that they were said to have been written not in ink but in blood. Solon succeeded him in about 594 BC

    6. Solon Solon's great contribution to the future good of Athens was his new code of laws. The first written code at Athens, that of Draco, was still in force.. Solon revised every statute except that on homicide and made Athenian law altogether more humane. His code, though supplemented and modified, remained the foundation of Athenian statute law until the end of the 5th century, and parts of it were embodied in the new codification made at that time.

    8. Cleisthenes took over Athens after Peisistratus Reforms set stage for Athenian democracy Cleisthenes broke up power of noble families Divided Athens into 10 tribes based on where people lived Made tribes, not families, social groups, basis for elections Each tribe elected 50 men to serve on Council of 500, proposed laws Each tribe elected one general to lead Athenian army

    10. Rhetoric, oratory, and debate Rhetoric, oratory, and debate were all part of the education of a Greek leader, who often had to address assemblies and gatherings of townsmen. In a world without pictures, language was the only instrument of influence and information

    25. Trade brought great wealth to Athens. Merchants from other parts of world moved to city, bringing own foods, customs Athens very cosmopolitan as result Grand festivals, public celebrations, events Athletic games and city theaters Athens was the heart of Greek culture

    30. After victory, Sparta’s army tried to act as Greece’s dominant power Sparta’s wealth, resources badly strained, power worn down Spartans could not keep control of Greece City-state of Thebes defeated Sparta, could not maintain control either Struggle for power led to long cycle of warfare that left all Greece vulnerable to attack 340s BC, Macedonia, Greek-speaking kingdom to north, swept in, took control of all Greece

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