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ROME

ROME. PHYSICAL SETTING. Centrally located in the Mediterranean Vast plains in the North and West Apennine Mtns . not very rugged Easier to unite Italian peninsula. CULTURAL SETTING. Latins first to move into Italy Settled in small villages Eventually villages came together as Rome

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ROME

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  1. ROME

  2. PHYSICAL SETTING • Centrally located in the Mediterranean • Vast plains in the North and West • Apennine Mtns. not very rugged • Easier to unite Italian peninsula

  3. CULTURAL SETTING • Latins first to move into Italy • Settled in small villages • Eventually villages came together as Rome • Alphabet learned from Etruscans • Also learned about the use of the arch in construction • Religion was formed from Latinsand Etruscans

  4. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 1. Structure of Gov’t a. Senate -300 members -patricians b. Consuls (2) -supervised gov’t and commanded the army -one year term c. Tribunes -elected by plebeians -could veto laws

  5. 2. Twelve Tables - Roman Law written down - allowed plebeians to know the laws

  6. ROMAN SOCIETY • Family - the basic unit of Roman society -male held absolute power • Role of women -could own property -ran businesses -most worked at home (raising family, spinning, weaving)

  7. Education -boys and girls were educated -upper and lower classes -learned history and rhetoric

  8. RELIGION • Polythestic • Similar to Greeks -Zeus = Jupiter -Neptune is god of the sea -Mars is god of war • Festivals throughout the year -brought sense of community

  9. GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC • Rome conquered all of the Italian peninsula • Army was loyal and well-trained -paid by ‘spoils of victory’ • Rome allowed conquered to keep customs and local gov’t -some even received full citizenship • Latin language spread along with Roman customs

  10. PUNIC WARS (vs. CARTHAGE) • Carthage vs. Rome (x 3) • First Punic War -Carthage had advantages (gold, manpower, navy) -Rome built up quick and struck first -Rome wins; gains Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

  11. Second Punic war -Carthage wants revenge -Hannibal led Carthage army *military genius *used indirect tactics with smaller army *long trek to Italy; lost 1/3 of army and ½ of elephants -surprise attack on Rome (lasted 15 years) -Hannibal forced to retreat when Romans attack Carthage

  12. Third Punic War -Rome invades Carthage -Rome destroys Carthage -salt is spread on the fields -all of the people are killed or enslaved

  13. DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE

  14. JULIUS CAESAR

  15. “NEW ROMAN EMPIRE” • Emperor in charge • Inherited power • Ruled for life 2. PaxRomana • “Roman Peace” • Peace for 200 years • People and ideas moved freely

  16. Entertainment • Chariot races and gladiator games • ‘distracted’ the common folk • Policy of “bread and circuses”

  17. LITERATURE AND HISTORY • often imitated Greek writing styles • Virgil • wrote epic poem Aeneid • about Roman like to Trojan War • aimed to create patriotism • Horace, Juvenal, and Martial • wrote satires • made fun of Roman society • Historians: • Livy: wrote of Rome’s heroic past • Tacitus: critical of Roman society

  18. ART AND ARCHITECTURE 1. Art • sculpture stressed ‘realism’ • used mosaics to decorate homes 2. Architecture • the bigger, the better • utilized arches, columns, and concrete • famous structures: Pantheon, Colosseum

  19. SCIENCE AND MATH 1. Engineering helped to create: • roads • bridges • harbors • aqueducts • believed the Earth was the center of the universe • used the research of the Greeks; did very little of their own

  20. ROMAN LAW • Roman citizens = civil law • conquered people = law of nations • fewer rights • eventually two systems merge into one

  21. Basic Principles of Law • innocent until proven guilty • guilt, beyond a reasonable doubt • judges allowed to interpret law • lower class was punished more harshly

  22. RISE OF CHRISTIANITY

  23. ROMAN EMPIRE DIVIDED

  24. INVADERS

  25. CAUSES OF ROME’S FALL

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