ARTICLES HOMEWORK

1. EL001 Pre-Pathway Module 2010Grammar and Vocabulary DevelopmentSession 6Articles continuedParaphrasing

2. ARTICLES HOMEWORK

3. A Ø If you have _____ fox on your farm, it will kill any chickens or _____ ducks you have unless you also have _____ gun! Each sheep can produce _____ wool. Give yourself _____ extra £1 for each sheep you own, unless you have _____ wolf on your farm, in which case all your sheep are dead! If you don’t have _____ grain, 5 of your _____ animals will die of _____ starvation. If you don’t have _____ water, 10 of your animals will die. If you have _____ mad cow’s disease on your farm, all _____ cows will die. If there is _____ pollution on your farm, 2 of your animals will die. _____ good news if there is _____ love on your farm. _____ love doubles _____ number of animals you own! _____ modern technology will increase _____ profitability of your farm. Give yourself _____ extra £50. _____ happy farm is _____ successful farm. If you have _____ happiness, award yourself _____ extra £50. If you have _____ experience, you will manage your farm well. Award yourself _____ extra £50. All your animals are worth _____ £10. If you have _____ competition, you will need to lower _____ price of your animals, so each one will be worth £2 less. If you possess _____ entrepreneurship (_____ good business skills), you will be able to sell _____ animals for more than they are worth. Add _____ extra £2 to _____ value of each animal. A Ø AN A Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø THE Ø Ø Ø Ø THE Ø THE AN A A Ø AN Ø AN Ø Ø THE Ø Ø THE AN THE

4. ARTICLES IN CONTEXT SELF-STUDY EXERCISES

7. Task one. In each space, add either a, an, the, or Ø for no article: _____ life is hard for _____ Indonesia’s anti-tobacco lobby. _____ more and more teenagers are smoking; _____ tobacco is still advertised on _____ television and at _____ concerts and _____ sporting events; and _____ police fail to enforce even _____ most basic smoking bans. _____ some 70% of _____ Indonesian men older than 20 smoke, and _____ 400,000 Indonesians die each year from _____ smoking-related illnesses, according to _____ World Health Organisation. Perhaps unsurprisingly, _____ anti-smoking groups have turned to _____ religion.

8. Task one key Life is hard for Indonesia’s anti-tobacco lobby. More and more teenagers are smoking; tobacco is still advertised on television and at concerts and sporting events; and the police fail to enforce even the most basic smoking bans. Some 70% of Indonesian men older than 20 smoke, and 400,000 Indonesians die each year from smoking-related illnesses, according to the World Health Organisation. Perhaps unsurprisingly, anti-smoking groups have turned to religion.

9. Task two. I have added THE to the beginning of every noun phrase. Remove any unnecessary uses of THE, and change THE to A or AN where necessary: They have teamed up with the Muhammadiyah, the Indonesia’s second-largest Islamic organisation, with the some 30m members. It has issued the fatwa declaring smoking haram, or forbidden under the Islam. There is, however, the snag. The ruling is useless. The Indonesia has more than 190m Muslims, and the government is occasionally guilty of pandering to the religious right. In the April the Constitutional Court refused to repeal the 1965 blasphemy law, which has the strict provisions that are widely abused by the Islamist groups. On the other hand, the Indonesia’s constitution and the government are secular. The fatwas have no the legal force and are widely flouted.

10. Task two key. They have teamed up with Muhammadiyah, Indonesia’s second-largest Islamic organisation, with some 30m members. It has issued a fatwa declaring smoking haram, or forbidden under Islam. There is, however, a snag. The ruling is useless. Indonesia has more than 190m Muslims, and the government is occasionally guilty of pandering to the religious right. In April the Constitutional Court refused to repeal a 1965 blasphemy law, which has strict provisions that are widely abused by Islamist groups. On the other hand, Indonesia’s constitution and government are secular. Fatwas have no legal force and are widely flouted. alsoharam.

11. Task three. I have removed all articles. Put them back where necessary: This did not stop religious groups and anti-smoking lobby from mobilising to try to stop planned concert in Jakarta by Kelly Clarkson, American singer. It was to be sponsored by Djarum, one of country’s main tobacco companies, and its L.A. Lights cigarette brand. Muhammadiyah—though not other religious groups—declared concert alsoharam. It didn’t matter. uproar only served to boost ticket sales, and concert was due to go ahead on April 29th, after Ms Clarkson issued statement saying she was unaware of sponsorship arrangement and was personally opposed to smoking. L.A. Lights withdrew as show’s main sponsor. brand, however, may well have emerged winner from controversy. Not only did it receive far more publicity than its sponsorship money would have bought. It also earned bad-boy image that has done it no harm with teenage smokers.

12. Task three key. This did not stop religious groups and the anti-smoking lobby from mobilising to try to stop a planned concert in Jakarta by Kelly Clarkson, an American singer. It was to be sponsored by Djarum, one of the country’s main tobacco companies, and its L.A. Lights cigarette brand. Muhammadiyah—though not other religious groups—declared the concert alsoharam. It didn’t matter. The uproar only served to boost ticket sales, and the concert was due to go ahead on April 29th, after Ms Clarkson issued a statement saying she was unaware of the sponsorship arrangement and was personally opposed to smoking. L.A. Lights withdrew as the show’s main sponsor. The brand, however, may well have emerged the winner from the controversy. Not only did it receive far more publicity than its sponsorship money would have bought. It also earned a bad-boy image that has done it no harm with teenage smokers.

13. Task four. Read the final two paragraphs of the original text and highlight any surprising uses (or omissions) of articles: Meanwhile, the religious right and anti-smoking lobby dented their own credibility. Busy vituperating against Ms Clarkson’s concert—after foreign activists spotted the smoking link—they kept hypocritically mum about the L.A. Lights Open, a volleyball tournament held at the same time on the island of Batam. There might be better targets for the anti-smoking lobbies, such as the failure to enforce a four-year old ban on smoking in Jakarta’s buildings. That would at least spare Indonesians the embarrassment of watching their elected representatives on live television, puffing away in the chambers of parliament.

15. PARAPHRASING

16. The following materials are adapted from Stephen Bailey (2007), Academic Writing : A Handbook for International Students - Second Edition, Routledge

17. Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to feed itself. Can you summarise this in around 20 words? Studies show that a drought in the mountainous regions feeding the Nile led to the collapse of Ancient Egypt in about 2180 BC.

18. Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to feed itself. Which of these paraphrases is better? The sudden ending of Egyptian civilization over 4000 years ago was probably caused by changes in the weather in the region to the south. Without the regular river flooding there would not have been enough food. Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of Egyptian society began.

19. Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to feed itself. Which of these paraphrases is better? The sudden ending of Egyptian civilization over 4000 years ago was probably caused by changes in the weather in the region to the south. Without the regular river flooding there would not have been enough food. Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of Egyptian society began.

20. Can you find the underlined information from our source text in the paraphrased paragraph? Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to feed itself. Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of Egyptian society began.

21. Can you find the underlined information from our source text in the paraphrased paragraph? Ancient Egypt collapsed in about 2180 BC. Studies conducted of the mud from the River Nile showed that at this time the mountainous regions which feed the Nile suffered from a prolonged drought. This would have had a devastating effect on the ability of Egyptian society to feed itself. Research into deposits of the Egyptian Nile indicate that a long dry period in the mountains at the river’s source may have led to a lack of water for irrigation around 2180 BC, which was when the collapse of Egyptian society began.

22. USING VOCABULARY TO PARAPHRASE

23. The growth of the car industry parallels the development of modern capitalism. It began in France and Germany, but took off in the United States. There Henry Ford adapted the moving production line from the Chicago meat industry to motor manufacturing, thus inventing mass production. The rise of the 1.____________ industry 2. ____________ the 3. ____________ of 4. ____________ capitalism. It 5. ____________ in France and Germany, but 6. ____________ in the United States. There Henry Ford 7. ____________ the moving 8. ____________ line from the Chicago meat industry to 9. ____________ manufacturing, 10. ____________ inventing mass production.

24. KEY The growth of the car industry parallels the development of modern capitalism. It began in France and Germany, but took off in the United States. There Henry Ford adapted the moving production line from the Chicago meat industry to motor manufacturing, thus inventing mass production. The rise of the AUTOMOBILE industry MATCHES the PROGRESS of CONTEMPORARY capitalism. It STARTED in France and Germany, but ACCELERATED in the United States. There Henry Ford MODIFIED the moving ASSEMBLY line from the Chicago meat industry to CAR manufacturing, THEREBY inventing mass production.

25. USING WORD FORM

26. In the 1920s Alfred Sloan’s management theories helped General Motors to become the world’s dominant car company. After the Second World War the industry developed “planned obsolescence”, whereby frequent model changes encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed to. Later, from the 1970s, environmentalists began to criticize the industry for producing inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming. In the 1920s, with 1.___________ from the 2. ___________ theories of Alfred Sloan, General Motors 3. ___________ the world’s car companies. After the Second World War, the 4. ___________ of “planned obsolescence” by the industry encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed to by increasing the 5. ___________ of model changes. Later, from the 1970s, environmental 6.___________ of the industry focused on the 7. ___________ of inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming.

27. In the 1920s Alfred Sloan’s management theories helped General Motors to become the world’s dominant car company. After the Second World War the industry developed “planned obsolescence”, whereby frequent model changes encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed to. Later, from the 1970s, environmentalists began to criticize the industry for producing inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming. KEY In the 1920s, with help from the managerial theories of Alfred Sloan, General Motors dominated the world’s car companies. After the Second World War, the development of “planned obsolescence” by the industry encouraged customers to buy new cars more often than they needed to by increasing the frequency of model changes. Later, from the 1970s, environmental criticism of the industry focused on the production of inefficient models which used too much fuel, contributing to global warming.

28. USING WORD ORDER

29. At this time, trade unions became increasingly militant in defence of their members’ jobs. Today the industry owns some of the strongest brands in the world. However, many major car companies struggle with stagnant markets and falling profits. At this time 1._____________ militant trade unions 2. _____________ their members’ jobs. Some of the strongest brands in the world 3._____________ are owned by the industry. Many major car companies,4. _____________, struggle with falling profits and stagnant markets.

30. At this time, trade unions became increasingly militant in defence of their members’ jobs. Today the industry owns some of the strongest brands in the world. However, many major car companies struggle with stagnant markets and falling profits. KEY At this time increasingly militant trade unions defended their members’ jobs. Some of the strongest brands in the world today are owned by the industry. Many major car companies, however, struggle with falling profits and stagnant markets.