1 / 24

Powerful Search and Visualization Methods for Managing Information Overload

This introduction explores information overload and anxiety and discusses the development of more powerful search and visualization methods. The integration of technology with tasks such as information gathering, seeking, filtering, and visualization is also discussed. Key terms include information gathering, seeking, filtering, visualization, data mining, data warehouses, data marts, knowledge networks, semantic webs, and more.

ramirezw
Download Presentation

Powerful Search and Visualization Methods for Managing Information Overload

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. UNIT - 6 Information Search and Visualization

  2. Introduction • Information overload and anxiety common • Developing more powerful search and visualization methods, integration of technology with task • Terms: • Information gathering • Seeking • Filtering • Visualization • Huge volumes of available data: • Data mining • Data warehouses and data marts • Knowledge networks or semantic webs • A know-item-search versus making sense and discovering

  3. Introduction • Traditional interfaces have been difficult for novice users • Complex commands • Boolean operators • Unwieldy concepts • Traditional interfaces have been inadequate for expert users • Difficulty in repeating searches across multiple databases • Weak methods for discovering where to narrow broad searches • Poor integration with other tools • Designers are just learning how to present large amounts of data in orderly and user-controlled ways • OAI (Objects / Actions Interface) • Customizable search options and displays using control panels

  4. Introduction • Structured relational database • contains relations and a schema to describe the relations • relations have records • records have fields, and fields have values Textual document libraries • set of items (10 to 100,000) • Multimedia document librairies • Contains images, sound, video, animations, etc • Digital archives are more loosely organized • Directories contain metadata

  5. Introduction • Task Actions (fact-finding) • Browsing and Searching • Scrolling • Zooming • Joining • Linking • Specific fact finding • Extended fact finding • Open-ended browsing • Exploration of availability • Where to Search • Finding aides • Table of contents, Indexes, Description introductions, Subject classification, Key-Word-In-Context (KWIC) • Preview and overview surrogates

  6. Searching in textual documents and database querying • World Wide Web search engines have greatly improved their performance by using statistical ranks and the information in the web’s hyperlink structure • Searching in structured relational database systems well established task using SQL language • Users write queries that specify matches on attribute levels • Example of SQL command • SELECT DOCUMENT# • FROM JOURNAL-DB • WHERE (Date >= and Date<= 1998) • and (Language = English or French) • and (publisher = ASIST or HFES or ACM). • SQL has powerful features, but it requires 2 to 20 hours training • While SQL is a standard form-fillin queries have simplified query formulation • Finding a way not to overwhelm novice users is a challenge • Evidence shows that users perform better and have higher satisfaction when they can view and control the search

  7. Searching in textual documents and database querying • Framework to coordinate design practice: • Formulation • source of the information • fields for limiting the source • phrases • variants • size of results • Initiation of action • explicit or implicit • most systems have a search button for explicit initiation, or for delayed or regularly scheduled initiation • implicit actions are initiated by changes to a parameter

  8. Searching in textual documents and database querying • Review of results • view overview and previews • manipulate visualizations • examine selected items • Refinement • should provide meaningful messages to explain search outcomes • should support progressive refinement • Use • allow queries, parameters, or results to be saved, used, or shared

  9. Multimedia document searches • Searches for databases and textual documents are good, but multimedia searches are in a primitive stage • Current multimedia searches require descriptive documents or metadata searches • Search by date, text captions, or media is possible • Useful to have computers perform some filtering • New systems will incorporate powerful annotation and indexing, with better search algorithms and browsing

  10. Multimedia document searches • Image Search: • Finding photos with images such as the Statue of Liberty is a challenge • Query-by-Image-Content (QBIC) is difficult • Search by profile (shape of lady), distinctive features (torch), colors (green copper) • Use simple drawing tools to build templates or profiles to search with • More success is attainable by searching restricted collections • Search a vase collection • Find a vase with a long neck by drawing a profile of it • Critical searches such as fingerprint matching requires a minimum of 20 distinct features • For small collections of personal photos effective browsing and lightweight annotation are important

  11. Multimedia document searches • Map Search • On-line maps are plentiful • Search by latitude/longitude is the structured-database solution • Today's maps are allow utilizing structured aspects and multiple layers • City, state, and site searches • Flight information searches • Weather information searches • Example: www.mapquest.com • Mobile devices can allow “here” as a point of reference

  12. Multimedia document searches • Design/Diagram Searches • Some computer-assisted design packages support search of designs • Allows searches of diagrams, blueprints, newspapers, etc. • E.g. search for a red circle in a blue square or a piston in an engine • Document-structure recognition for searching newspapers • Sound Search • MIR supports audio input • Search for phone conversations may be possible in future on speaker independent basis

  13. Multimedia document searches • Video Search • Provide an overview • Segmentation into scenes and frames • Support multiple search methods • Infomedia project • Animation Search • Prevalence increased with the popularity of Flash • Possible to search for specific animations like a spinning globe • Search for moving text on a black background

  14. Advanced filtering and search interfaces For advanced uses there are alternatives to form fillin query interfaces: • Filtering with complex boolean queries • Problem with informal English, e.g. use of ‘and’ and ‘or’ • Venn diagrams, decision tables, and metaphor of water flowing have not worked for complex queries • Dynamic Queries - Adjusting sliders, buttons, etc and getting immediate feedback • “direct-manipulation” queries • Use sliders and other related controls to adjust the query • Get immediate (less than 100 msec) feedback with data • Dynamic HomeFinder and Blue Nile • Hard to update fast with large databases • Query previews present an overview to give users information and the distribution of data and thereby eliminate undesired items • Faceted metadata search • Integrates category browsing with keyword searching • Flameco

  15. Advanced filtering and search interfaces • Collaborative Filtering • Groups of users combine evaluations to help in finding items in a large database • User "votes" and his info is used for rating the item of interest • E.g. a user rating sex restaurants highly is given a list of restaurants also rated highly by those who agree the six are good • Multilingual searches • Current systems provide rudimentary translation searches • Prototypes of systems with specific dictionaries and more sophisticated translation • Visual searches • Specialized visual representations of the possible values • E.g. dates on a calendar or seats on a plane • On a map the location may be more important than the name • Implicit initiation and immediate feedback

  16. Information visualization • "A picture is worth a thousand words!" • Large amounts of information in compact and user-controlled ways • example: USA map, click a city to see more info • Information visualization can be defined as the use of interactive visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition • Scientific visualization • continuous variables, volumes and surfaces • Information visualization • categorical variables and the discovery of patterns, trends, clusters, outliers, and gaps

  17. Information visualization • Visual data mining • Answer questions users didn’t know they had • Tufte offers advice for static information, but dynamic displays present a challenge • Must be more than cool • The Visual Information Seeking Mantra • Overview first • zoom and filter • then details-on-demand

  18. Information visualization • Basic data types • 1 - Dimensional • Linear data types include textual documents, program source code, lists of names in sequential order • E.g. highlight lines of code that have changed • 2 - Dimensional • Planar or map data includes geographic maps, floor plans, newspaper layouts • E.g. Geographic Information Systems, spatial displays of document collections • Example tasks: find regions containing items

  19. Information visualization • Basic data types (cont.) • 3 - Dimensional • Real-world objects such as molecules, the human body, buildings • Users must cope with understanding their position and orientation when viewing the objects • E.g. overviews, landmarks, stereo displays, transparency, color coding • Virtual Reality displays • Users’ tasks typically deal with continuous variables • National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project • Controversial

  20. Information visualization • Basic data types (cont.) • Multi-Dimensional • Most relational and statistical databases • N attributes become points in an n-dimensional space • Interface representation could be a 2-D scattergram with each additional dimension controlled by a slider • Parallel coordinate plots • Table Lens • Hierarchal or k-means clustering

  21. Information visualization • Basic data types (cont.) • Temporal • Time Lines are widely used and accepted • Items have a start and finish time and items may overlap • Tasks include finding all events before, after, or during some time period • Tree • Collections of items with each item having a link to one parent item (except root) • Outline style of indented labels or node-and-link diagram • Space-filling approach • Networks • Sometimes data needs to be linked to an arbitrary number of other items • Example: A graphical representation of the World Wide Web • Mode-and-link diagrams, matrices

  22. Information visualization • Basic tasks • Overview • Gain an overview of the entire collection • Adjoining detail view • The overview might contain a movable field-of-view box to control the contents of the detail view • allowing zoom factors of 3 to 30 • Fisheye view • Zoom • Zoom in on items of interest • Allows a more detailed view • Need to maintain context • Particularly important for small displays • Filter • Filter out uninteresting items • Allows user to reduce size of search

  23. Information visualization • Basic tasks (cont.) • Details-on-Demand • Select an item or group and get details when needed • Useful to pinpoint a good item • Usually click on an item and review details in a separate or pop-up window • Relate • View relationships among items • Use human perceptual ability – proximity, containment, connected line, color coding • Example: Set directors name, and view all movies with that director • History • Keep a history to allow undo, replay, and progressive refinement • Allows a mistake to be undone, or a series of steps to be replayed • Extract • Extract the items or data • Save to file, print, or drag to another application

  24. Information visualization • Challenges for information visualization • Import data • Combine visual representations and textual labels • See related information • View large volumes of data • Integrate data mining • Collaborate with others • Achieve universal usability

More Related