US leading to civil war

1. US leading to civil war By: Chase kerns and Michael peck

2. Economies • NORTH- The north became industrialized and all but abolished slavery in the New England, but some traces of slavery still exist in the New England colonies for many years. • SOUTH- The southern colonies were still focused on slavery and agriculture. They were also the “Cotton Kingdom” because the south was responsible for 75 percent of the worlds cotton, this gave them lots of business with Britain.

3. Economic Differences • Created political tensions between sections of the nations. • American System: Proposed by President Madison. Had three major points: establishing a protective tariff. Rechartering the national bank. Sponsoring the development of transportation systems to make national travel easier. • North: for tariffs. South: against tariffs. • John C. Calhoun: convinced congressman to approve the Tariff of 1816.

4. TARIFFS OF THE TIMES • A Tariff is a tax on imports and Exports • The 3 main Tariffs of the times was the Tariffs of 1824,1828,and 1832. • Tariff of 1824(25%)-Was when we buy less goods from Britain and they buy less from us and that hurts the south. • Tariff of 1828 (~60)- This was the Tariff that protected northern manufactures but this Tariff harmed the people in the south. • Tariff of 1832 (~38%)- This Tariff was important it stated that each state has the right to nullify laws.

5. John and the south • John C. Calhoun wrote the South Carolina Exposition: the document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abomination. The document stated Calhoun’s Doctrine of nullification: the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law, first introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in their Kentucky and Virginia resolutions. • South Carolina nullified the tariff of 1832, stating that if the tariff was not repealed, South Carolina would secede. • Congress the passed the Compromise Tariff of 1833, South Carolina dropped their articles of nullification. But… • Congress also passed the Force Bill, allowing President Jackson to use military to collect tariff duties. …South Carolina nullified the Force Bill!

6. U.S. Foreign trade in 1860

7. Dividing slavery • The Missouri Compromise 1820: Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered as a free state. Prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36˚30’ except within the boundaries of Missouri. • Compromise of 1850: a package of five separate bills passed in the US in September 1850, which defused a four-year confrontation between free states and slave states. California entered as a free state. The South got a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act • Kansas-Nebraska Act: allowed popular sovereignty: white male settlers in those territories to choose if there would be slavery.

8. Bleeding Kansas • This when Kansas was becoming a state but it wasn’t decided whether it would be a free or slave state. The choice was put to a vote by the people in Kansas, the outcome was up to them this was called “Popular sovereignty”. This is when people from the next state over in Missouri sent people to vote and make them a slave state like them. But New England also sent people to vote against slavery in Kansas. Missouri pro-slavery won majority of the votes and made Kansas a slave state. Then in the Fall of 1855 Topeka forms a rival government against slavery and this starts a series of conflicts, This started a civil war within Kansas.

9. Dredscott • Dred Scott vs. Sandford: Dred Scott was a slave living in the state of Missouri. His owner took him to Illinois and hen Minnesota which were both free states under the Missouri Compromise. Dred sued sandford for his freedom. • The Supreme Court ruled Scott was property and the Constiution protected property rights • ***This meant that Congress could do NOTHING about slavery in the territories!!