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Excretory System

Excretory System. Maddie, Jess, Monica, Alyssa. The Urinary System (1, 2). Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra.

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Excretory System

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  1. Excretory System Maddie, Jess, Monica, Alyssa

  2. The Urinary System (1, 2) Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra Function: To maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment) in the body by getting rid of excess water and waste image from (http://training.seer.cancer.gov/images/anatomy/urinary/urinary_system.jpg)

  3. The Kidney (5) • Kidney contains millions of nephrons which perform the functions of the Kidney: • eliminate waste products • regulate water & what kind of chemicals are in blood/body • maintains balance between water/salt and acids/bases • Which becomes urine Image from source 1

  4. The Nephron (1) Parts of Nephron: • Glomerulus (G & R) • Bowman’s capsule (G) + blood capillaries (R) = Glomerulus • Proximal tubule (G) • Loop of Henle (B) • Distal tubule (P) • Collecting duct (Y) Each part of Nephron involved in either transporting substances into or out of the blood capillaries (R) which surround the nephron. Image from: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rSpBEx_JXa0/TSEcdlvs9fI/AAAAAAAAAUA/3i4Pmbmqnjg/s640/nephron.gif

  5. Processes (1) • Urine forms in nephrons by 3 process: • Filtration: • separation of a liquid from some or all of the undissolved particles through a selectively permeable membrane • Tubular Reabsorption: • movement of substances out of nephron and into the blood capillaries • Tubular Secretion: • process by which substances move into the distal and collecting tubules from blood capillaries

  6. Nephron: Glomerulus (3, 5) • Function: filters out solutes (except proteins) & water from blood into the nephron • raises blood pressure = forces molecules into Bowman’s capsule • process called filtration • This fluid (called filtrate) made up of: water, urea, salts (e.g. NaCl) ions (e.g. H+, K+, HCO3-), glucose, amino acids, vitamins, & (possibly) drugs/poisons Photo is from source 5 Bowman’s capsule (yellow) + blood capillaries (pale beige) = Glomerulus

  7. Nephron: Proximal Tubule (4, 6) • Function: Tubular reabsorption (nutrients and other substances returned to blood) • active tubular reabsorption • Movement of sodium, etc, by transport proteins • passive tubular reabsorption • Osmosis • Substances in filtrate move out into blood as well images from: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/osmosi2.gif http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Physiology%20101/Chapter%20Notes/Fall%202007/figure_18_15_labeled.jpg

  8. Nephron: Loop of Henle (6, 7) Function: sodium & water selectively reabsorbed in order to keep constant concentration • descending part of loop = outside fluid hypertonic with sodium, therefore water leaves by osmosis • as water leaves = sodium concentration in tubule increases • that’s why on ascending part of loop = sodium leaves tubule by diffusion -> contents of tubule become more dilute NaCl Key: = sodium

  9. Nephron: Distal Tubule (6) • Tubular Secretion: Solutes in blood capillaries are accepted and secreted into the nephron • Solutes are mainly H+ and K+ • Regulates sodium, potassium, pH • Prevents foreign substances (drugs) from accumulating in blood

  10. Nephron Collecting Duct (6) • Function: Controls how much water is reabsorbed into the blood • Aldosterone allows for sodium to be absorbed by blood capillaries by stimulating sodium pumps = creates L to H gradient need for osmosis • ADH makes tubule more permeable for water & w/ osmotic gradient = allow more water in the filtrate to be reabsorbed into the blood • Amount of secretion of each based on what the body needs images from: http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Elementary%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology%2050/Lecture%20outlines/15_05Figure-L.jpg http://content.answcdn.com/main/content/img/elsevier/vet/gr277.jpg

  11. How does urine formation help maintain homeostasis? (7) • pH- kidneys help excrete extra hydrogen (h+ ions) from the blood into urine through active transport • Ions- the excess ions such as sodium or calcium leave the body in the urine • The Loops of Henle balances concentrations by osmosis • Collecting Duct - keeps more water in body or allows it to leave the body All information on slide is from readings cited 1 and 4

  12. Questions?

  13. Bibliography • Taggart, Ralph. Cecie Starr. "Urinary System of Mammals." The Unity and Diversity of Life. Ninth edition. Publisher.: Brooks/Cole, 2001. pg 750-752. Print. Biology • "Excretory System." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/e/excretory_system.htm>. • Freudenrich, Craig. "Kidney Filtration." HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/kidney2.htm>. • " Excretory System." Excretory System Worksheet. N.p., 1998. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/review/excretory.html>. • Chapter 25: Physiology of Glomerular Filtration. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2020/2020%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%204/CH25%20Physiology%20of%20Glomerular%20Filtration.htm>. • "Urinary System." Urinary System. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://www.augustatech.edu/anatomy/chapter_26.htm>. • "The Urinary System." The Urinary System. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. <http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap26/index.htm>

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