Chapter 4 Affirming Identity, Language, and Culture

1. Chapter 4Affirming Identity, Language, and Culture To what extent is identity affected by communication technology and the media in a globalizing world?

2. RYWK • Cultural content laws • Cultural diversity Guiding Questions for chapter 4: How do people affirm and promote their language in a globalizing world? How do peopleaffirm and promote their culture in a globalizing world.? How do international organizationsaffirm and promote languages and cultures in a globalizing world?

3. Cultural content laws • Much of the television that Canadians watch is produced in the United States. • Some Canadians believe that this puts Canadian stories, songs, myths, and dreams at risk. • As a result, Canada has passed cultural content laws to protect artists, performers, songs, movies and literature.

4. Since 1968, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) has enforced quotas for Canadian content on radio and TV. The goal of the CRTC rules is to protect and preserve Canada’s cultural identity by ensuring that Canadians hear Canadian voices and see Canadian stories. Did you know that 30 % of music played by Canadian radio stations and 60 % of programming on Canadian TV stations must be Canadian. In Quebec, the Quebec Cinema Act of 1988 requires filmmakers to create and produce their film in Quebec. Other countries have also passed laws and regulations about media content to help protect their cultural identities.

5. Directed Reading Guide ch 4 Use the following slides to guide your thinking and responding as you read through chapter 4 in your text book. Write your responses in your notebook or copy the ppt and add slides or text to show your responses.

6. To some people, language is identity. Language is so important to cultural identity that peoples, governments, and organizations around the world work to affirm their language. What changes do these statistics show? What changes would you predict for 2006? For 2011?

7. Differing Views about language and globalization pg 90 Some advocates of globalization believe that increased communication and interdependence will bring greater understanding among the peoples of the world. They say hat if everyone speaks a common language, it could reduce the differences among people Do you agree or disagree? Would fewer conflicts occur? Other people believe that though globalization provides opportunities, it also present challenges. They believe thqt globalization threatens cultural diversity. As proof, they sometimes point to the growing number of endangered languages. They believe that the challenge in a globalizing world is to find ways to affirm and promote all languages and cultures.

8. This map highlights two regions where languages have either disappeared or are endangered – at risk of disappearing.

9. On average, one language disappears every two weeks. Language experts believe that between 6000 and 7000 languages are spoken on Earth. More than half of these languages are endangered. Why languages disappear – pg 91 Who is TevfikEsenc? Carrie Little? Based on the stories of TevfikEsenc and Carrie Little, what do you think are some of the challenges faced by language communities in a globalizing world?

11. Dominance of English Pg 92 English has become the major language of business, scientific research, and popular culture. It is the main language of the Internet and the World Wide Web. How would this affect you if you did not speak English? What challenges might you face in expressing your identity and your culture? Some people are predicting that the dominance of English may not continue. Around the world, the number of people who grow up speaking English as their first language is declining. In 2006, the world’s largest language group, in terms of first-language speakers, was Mandarin Chinese. What difference will it make if the number of people who speak English as a first language declines? In a globalizing world, which is more influential; the number of speakers of a language or the dominance of a language group?

12. What do you think the main message is in this political cartoon?

13. In 1998, a U.S. – based non-profit organization took over the control of the Internet. What do you think Patrick Chappatte, the cartoonist, is concerned about? a nuclear war? America control of the World Wide Web?

14. Voices – Reactions? • ‘Our own mother tongues are things in which we participate totally. They change our perception. So that if we spoke Chinese we would have a different sense of hearing, smell and touch.” • “One culture after another, we are all being fed into an industrial-strength blender, and we all come out changed. What would a global culture mean? It would mean that the world goes on speaking 50 major languages and hundreds of little one, but increasingly it talks about the same things from the same perspectives in all of them.”

15. Marshall McLuhan, Canadian media expert who first used the term “global village”. • Gwynne Dyer, columnist and filmmaker in Millennium, a series produced for CBC Radio.

16. Pg 93 The Magic Carpet Read the story Matali Perkins tells about how she lost her first language, Bangla, and many of her family connections too. What does the following statement mean to you? “The loss of a language is more than the loss of the ability to communicate with others. ”

17. HOW DO PEOPLE AFFIRM AND PROMOTE THEIR CULTURE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD? When you affirm your identity, you strengthen your sense of self through your personal expressions. When descendants of people who came to Alberta from Ukraine created a heritage village, they strengthened their collective identity. Collectives affirm their identity when they speak their language or express their culture, nation, or gender. How can people affirm their culture and avoid being fed in to what Gwynne Dyer calls “the industrial-strength blender (Voices, pg 96) Describe how the Haisla people of British Columbia and the Tartar people from Crimea are revitalizing their cultures.

18. Challenges and Opportunities – Cultural Revitalization Read about how Douglas Cardinal has contributed to cultural revitalization. How do you think this university represents both the challenges and the opportunities that First Nations young people face in a globalizing world? Should museums return Aboriginal artifacts to the people who originally created and used them?

19. IMPACT – LADAKH – RESPONDING TO GLOBALIZTION When the remote Indian region of Ladakh was opened to tourists in the early 1970’s, Dolma Tsering was alarmed. Over the next decades, she watched as her fellow Ladakhis embraced the values that arrived with the tourists. Read pgs 98 & 99. How has globalization affected the Ladakhi people? How have the Ladakhi responded to globalization?

20. See Explorations on pg 99, #2. Write a RAFT or prepare a brief oral presentation depending on the character you chose.

21. Akaitapiiwa: Ancestors exhibit “We owe it to the world, and especially to ourselves, to articulate who and what we were in the past, who and what we are today, and who and what we want to to become in the future.” JaypeeteeArnakak of Iqaluit, Inuit educator and spokesperson for Inuit traditional knowledge. Describe the Akaitapiiwa Ancestors exhibit. If you were to contribute artifacts to a virtual museum promoting your culture, what items would you include?

22. HOW DO GOVERNMENTS AFFIRM PROMOTE LANGUAGES AND CULTURES IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD? In 1971, Canada became the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as official government policy. This policy which encourages Canada’s many cultural groups to preserve, enhance, and share their heritage, was adopted and proclaimed by Prime Minister Perre Elliott Trudeau. Canada now celebrates Multiculturalism Day on June 27th. Record the quote from Canada’s governor general, Michaellle Jean, which she made on Multiculturalism Day in 2006. What do you think Jean’s remarks meant? What role might your community or school play in helping citizens become stronger by affirming and promoting their various languages and cultures?

23. Sofia Hou, won the 2006 Canada Day Poster Challenge sponsored by the federal Department of Canadian Heritage The theme was “Images of Canada” Governments play a role in promoting language and culture. Some cultural and language policies are national; others are regional. The Canada Day Poster Challenge is an example of a national initiative. Do you believe that the Canadian government should sponsor competitions like this to help Canadians affirm their cultures in a globalizing world? In 2004, the government of the Northwest Territories introduced a policy requiring school boards to provide 90 hours of instruction in Aboriginal languages every year. Do you think this instruction will be effective?

24. HOW DO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AFFIRM AND PROMOTE LANGUAGES AND CULTURES IN A GLOBALIZTING WORLD? Around the world, various international organizations try to affirm, protect, and promote cultures, identities, and languages, in response to the effects of globalization. Some of these groups, like the Krymsky Education Society of Edmonton, are small community-based groups. Others, such as the United Nations and la Francophone, are world-wide groups that include many member countries. UNESCO, which includes 191 member states, is one of the largest international organizations promoting cultural diversity. In November 2001, UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, which includes this motto: The cultural wealth of the world is its diversity in dialogue. UNESCO, in this motto, affirms their belief that dialogue among peoples of different cultures is the best way to achieve peace around the world.

25. The mask dance of the drums of the Drametse community I Bhutan. This dance is an example of what UNESCO has officially designated Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. What does “intangible” mean? Why do you think UNESCO has created a special list for “masterpieces of oral and intangible heritage”?

26. La Francophonie In July 2001, Canada hosted the 4th Games of la Francophonie, which involved 3000 participants from 51 countries. This event is one of the few international competitions in which people vie for both cultural and athletic awards. In September 1999, Canada hosted the 8thFrancophonie Summit in Moncton, NB. The Portailjeunesse web site was established after the Moncton Summit. How do you think this would help these young people affirm and promote their cultural identity?

27. The Assembly of First Nations and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Since 1977, Wilton Littlechild, a member of the Ermineskin Cree Nation and the former MP for Wetaskiwin, has worked for Indigenous peoples’ rights at the United Nations. In October 2006, Indigenous peoples from around the world met in New York to try to persuade the United Nations General Assembly to adopt the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Why did some countries vote to delay the passage of the declaration? Describe the common goals of the AFN (Assembly of First Nations). This is the logo of the Assembly of First Nations. How might this logo also represent the struggle for cultural revitalization of Indigenous peoples around the world?

28. The Thread by Tom Wayman Moments after each of us is born The umbilical cord is cut. But other fibres that tie us to our parents commence at once to stretch into bands that feed us and join us to the rest of the room and beyond. We remain enmeshed our entire lives, pulling the net this direction and that as we travel and age, the web that holds us flexible enough to let some of us journey to the moon. Yet the anchor of each of the million cords that wrap me, that connect me to justice and injustice, remains that closely-wound, pulsing ball of global string. Even these words were handed to me containing the grammars and syntaxes others built and tore down and constructed again, new verbs forming, and nouns appearing in my mouth or from under my pen: airborne seeds from elsewhere that find root in my days — some destructive, some helpful, each word trailing a resilient tendril, another thread that weaves me and all I do into the warp of our world. In two or three sentences, sum up the main theme of the poem. What is your “golden line”?