SCORM Sequencing and Navigation

1. SCORM Sequencing and Navigation The 3rd International Scientific Conference ELSE "E-Learning and Software for Education", BUCHAREST, April 12-13, 2007

2. Term and Definition Content Package A self-contained collection of learning content that is structured according to an imsmanifest.xml file. To me, the content package is synonymous with the concept of an online SCORM course. Organization A specific, structured path through learning content in a content package. The path through learning content is designed by an instructional designer to achieve specific training outcomes. In most cases, an organization is a hierarchical tree structure of learning content. Activity A unique, leaf item in an organization that is delivered and tracked by the LMS. In SCORM, this is either a SCO or an Asset. Cluster A unique, composite item containing child Activities and/or Clusters. A Cluster represents a related sub-set of content in an organization. The state of a Cluster depends on the state of its child Activities and Clusters. For example, when all child Activities for a Cluster are completed, then the Cluster is considered to be complete. Activity Tree A hierarchical tree data structure that holds and manages a learner's current progress through a collection of learning Activities and Clusters. Rollup Rollup is how the state of child Activities and Clusters affect the state of Parent Clusters. objective Represents a desired outcome in online learing.

3. Term and Definition Global objective Represents a desired outcome in online learning that exists outside the context of any specific SCO. In other words, global objectives are not specific to any SCO, but have a larger meaning in the learner's operational environment. . Flow Navigation A common navigation scheme where the learner uses familiar next and back buttons to navigate through a content package. SCORM 2004 uses the term Continue for moving to the Next Activity and Previous for moving back to the previous Activity. Choice Navigation A common navigation scheme where the learner is allowed to choose Activities of interest from a content package.

4. Sequencing Cheat Sheet • Every SCO and Cluster has a primary objective and default sequencing behavior (even if there is no <imsss:sequencing> element defined for it. • Local objectives can have one of three possible states (satisfied, not satisfied, or unknown). • Local objectives can read and/or write their state from a global objective using a <imsss:mapInfo/> element. • You use global objectives to share state information between SCOs; currently, this is the only way to share state (limited, but mostly useful). Adaptive sequencing will use these global objectives to adapt the learning path for a learner based on the state of objectives. • Rollup rules apply to clusters only, as do the choice and flow attributes for the <imsss:controlMode> element.

5. Example of effect of rules that affect navigation for specific activity nodes conditional skip

6. Example of Sequencing Element

7. Example of Sequencing Rules

8. Example of Sequencing Rules

9. Example of Sequencing Rules

10. “ If one is lucky, a solitary fantasy can totally transform one million realities” Maya Angelou Thank you !