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The Colonization of North America

The Colonization of North America. U.S.--Chapter 1 APUSH—Chapter 2-4 and Chart page 37 . Important Years for the Colonies. 1492— 1588— 1607— 1620— 1754— 1763--. English Monarchs During English American Colonialism. Elizabeth I (Tudor) James I (Stuart) Charles I (Stuart)—executed

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The Colonization of North America

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  1. The Colonization of North America U.S.--Chapter 1 APUSH—Chapter 2-4 and Chart page 37

  2. Important Years for the Colonies • 1492— • 1588— • 1607— • 1620— • 1754— • 1763--

  3. English Monarchs During English American Colonialism • Elizabeth I (Tudor) • James I (Stuart) • Charles I (Stuart)—executed • Interregnum—Oliver Cromwell (Puritan) • Charles II—Restoration • James II—deposed in “Glorious Revolution” • William and Mary of Orange • Anne I • George I (Hanover) • George II • George III

  4. Terms • Magna Carta • Renaissance • Columbian Exchange • Plantations • Roanoke • indentured servant • Mayflower Compact • Mercantilism • balance of trade • Triangular Trade Route • Middle Passage • Immigrants • Great Awakening

  5. European Claims before 1776

  6. Early American Colonies • Spanish Colonies—in Latin America and southwestern North America, Florida • came to convert Indians to Christianity and find gold B. influences include language, architecture, foods, religion, mission churches, ranching C. did not bring families—married native women for new culture

  7. The Columbian Exchange From Americas to Europe From Europe to Americas Sent wheat, sugar, rice, coffee Horses, cows, pigs Diseases: smallpox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever Slaves from Africa • Sent tomatoes, potatoes, chocolate, corn, beans, vanilla, pineapples • Gold, silver • Tobacco • Disease: syphilis

  8. French Colonies—in Canada and along rivers and Great Lakes • came to convert Indians and acquire animal furs for trade B. influences include forts, language, religion, etc. C. most did not bring families

  9. Other Colonies A. Dutch—New Netherland (later New York) B. Swedish—Delaware (defeated by Dutch and absorbed into New Netherland)

  10. Early English Colonies—brought families for business (mercantilism) and religious freedom • Roanoke—failed Virginia Colony • Jamestown—first permanent colony (1607) • Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)—founded by Pilgrims (Separatists)—came by The Mayflower D. Puritans went to Massachusetts --strict and superstitious (witch trials)—also started public schools

  11. Rhode Island—religious freedom • Pennsylvania—Penn’s Holy Experiment for Quakers • Connecticut—first constitution • Georgia was a buffer from Spain—colony for debtors • South Carolina—numerous slaves (more than voting white men) J. Maryland—place for Catholics

  12. Thirteen English Colonies A. New England: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire—known for small farms, ship-building, trade

  13. Note: The land that became the state of Maine was claimed by the colony and later state of Massachusetts until 1820, when it became a separate state.

  14. B. Middle: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware—known for trade and farming (called “The Bread Basket”)

  15. C. Southern Colonies—Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia—known for large farms of tobacco, rice

  16. Note: The colony of Virginia was larger then than the state it is now. In 1861, the state of Virginia split into two states, one a Confederate state and the other a Union state called West Virginia.

  17. Map Directions—p. 32 Atlas • Label the Thirteen English Colonies • Color the New England Colonies blue • Color the Middle Colonies yellow • Color the Southern Colonies red • Make a key indicating the three sections and colors • Label the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Chesapeake Bay • Label the Appalachian Mountains

  18. Match the New England Colonies • Massachusetts • Connecticut • Rhode Island • New Hampshire • Separation of church and state (religious freedom) • Plymouth, Boston, Salem were towns • Held witchcraft trials • Started public education • Had the first constitution • Had the First Thanksgiving • Had Puritans and Separatist Pilgrims • Came on the Mayflower

  19. Match the Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania • New Jersey • Delaware • New York • Founded by Quakers • Founded by William Penn • Used to be Dutch • City of Brotherly Love (Philadelphia) • Colony of New Netherland, City of New Amsterdam • Bought as gift for Duke of York • No slavery, no fighting and religious freedom • Was a Swedish colony • Had Dutch “patroon” system of farming

  20. Match the Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia • Buffer to Spanish Florida • More slaves than free whites • 2 colonies named for King Charles • Named for Queen Elizabeth • Named for Queen Mary • Catholic Colony • Place for debtors • Caribbean Culture • Chesapeake Colonies--2

  21. Review—Match the sections • New England • Middle • Southern • Dutch colony • Slavery • First Thanksgiving • Plantations • Shipbuilding • Pilgrims • “breadbasket” • Puritans • Mayflower Compact • Small farms • Promoted a “Protestant Work Ethic”—work hard and you will go to heaven

  22. APUSH • Types of colonies: royal, proprietary, and self-governing • Joint Stock Companies—corporate colony such as Jamestown (Called The Virginia Company)

  23. Prominent Religions of the Colonies • Anglican/Church of England—High church • or Puritan (influenced by Calvinism) • Congregational (Separatist influenced by Calvinism) • Quakers, Catholics, Presbyterians

  24. Prominent Colonials • John Winthrop • Jonathon Edwards • George Whitefield • Cotton Mather • John Peter Zenger • Benjamin Franklin • Phyllis Wheatley • Anne Bradstreet

  25. Benjamin Franklin • Discovered identity of lightning and electricity • First American wit to be exported • Invented commercial advertising • First major cartoonist • Inventor of double spectacles • Author of Abbreviated English Prayer Book • First reformer of English spelling • First explained Aurora Borealis • Father of modern dentistry • Organized first fire department • Founder of the Democratic Party • Established modern post office system • Invented Franklin stove • Invented the white duck clothing for tropics • First used illustrations in advertising • Pioneered voting system for Congress • Introduced yellow willow and broom corn into America • First to understand the nature of a cold • Originated first system of ventilation • Inventor of Plaster of Paris for fertilizing

  26. Early Efforts at Unity • New England Confederation—temporary self-imposed union of some colonies with limited authority • Dominion of New England—short-lived effort by King James II to control colonies in an administrative unit

  27. Cultural Expression • Georgian Architecture • Inoculations against small pox • Harvard, Yale, William and Mary • Mobile social classes • Distinctive classes in the south • Aristocracy • Small farmers • Indentured servants • slaves

  28. APUSH--Define: • Columbian Exchange • Mercantilism • Iroquois Confederation • Joint-Stock Company • Indentured Servant • Roanoke • Jamestown • “Starving Time” • “Headright” system • Plantation economy • tidewater • Backcountry • Bacon’s Rebellion • Triangular Trade Route • Middle Passage • Stono Rebellion • Mayflower Compact • Pilgrim Separatists • John Winthrop 20. Puritans 21. King Philip’s War—Pequot War 22. Harvard and Yale 23. “City Upon the Hill” 24. Roger Williams 25. Anne Hutchinson and antinomianism 26. Half-Way Covenant 27. First Great Awakening 28. Chesapeake Colonies 29. Quakers 30. Mercantilism 31. Navigation Acts 32. Republicanism 33.. Anne Bradstreet 34. Phyllis Wheatley 35. Maryland Toleration Act 36. House of Burgesses 37. Salem Trials 38. Thomas Hooker 39. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 40. James Oglethorpe

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