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FOOD & NUTRITION

FOOD & NUTRITION. Section 38-1 Yummy! Biology 392. Do you know…?. How many days can you survive without food? How many days …….without water? What important nutrient are vegetarians at risk of missing in their diet? Is it OK to exceed the recommended amount of vitamin supplements? .

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FOOD & NUTRITION

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  1. FOOD & NUTRITION Section 38-1 Yummy! Biology 392

  2. Do you know…? • How many days can you survive without food? • How many days …….without water? • What important nutrient are vegetarians at risk of missing in their diet? • Is it OK to exceed the recommended amount of vitamin supplements?

  3. Why do we need food? • ENERGY • BUILDING NEW MOLECULES • Proteins • Cell membrane • DNA

  4. Nutrition Definition  The study of food and its effects on the body Measured in CALORIES  amount of heat energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 gm(1mL) of water by 1 degree Celsius 1 Calorie = 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories You need about 2200 C (♀) to 2800 C (♂) per day

  5. NUTRIENTS • Your body can extract energy & nutrients from almost any type of food 6 Major Nutrients include: Water Carbohydrates Vitamins Proteins Minerals Fats (lipids)

  6. WATER • The most important nutrient • Every cell in the body needs water to complete many of the body’s processes and chemical reactions • Water loss causes problems in all body systems

  7. CARBOHYDRATES*Major source of Energy2 Forms SIMPLE • Ex: simple sugars • Fruits, honey, sugar cane • Mono- & di-saccharides COMPLEX • Ex: Starches • Grains, potatoes, vegetables • Ex: Cellulose/Fiber • Lettuce, bran, whole grain breads • Cannot be broken down, but important for moving food efficiently.

  8. FATS FUNCTION: Manufacture cell membranes, produce certain hormones, store energy 2 FORMS • Saturated  contains only single bonds • Ex: butter, lard, other animal fats • Solid at Room Temp • Unsaturated  1 or more double or triple bonds • Ex: Vegetable oils • Liquid at Room Temp

  9. PROTEINS • FUNCTION: Provides body with material for growth & repair Make up parts of muscles, skin & organs Are enzymes! • FORMS: 20 common amino acids • Body can naturally produce only 12 • Diet must supply other 8 • Called ESSENTIAL amino acids

  10. VITAMINS • DEFINITION  Organic molecules that are needed by the body to help perform important chemical reactions • FUNCTIONS  see pg 974 • 14 Essential Vitamins • FORMS  2 • Fat- Soluble (A,D,E,K)  stored in fatty tissues • Water-Soluble (C,B)  cannot be stored

  11. MINERALS • DEFINITION  Inorganic nutrients the body needs, usually in small amounts • Found in periodic table • FUNCTION  see page 975 • Examples: Ca (bones); Fe (needed for hemoglobin); Mg (normal function of nerves and muscles) • Lost in sweat, urine and other wastes.

  12. Summary Questions 1. What are the 6 nutrients needed by the body? 2. What would happen if you did not eat enough carbs & fats? 3. Vegetarians may sometimes take dietary supplements. What, specifically, might they be missing in their meatless diets? 4. You ate a lot of oranges last week for a nice, healthy dose of vitamin C. Must you eat an orange today? Why?

  13. How do you know what to eat? • Nutritionists have analyzed how much of each nutrient you need and what foods contain the combinations of each. • This info is compiled in the “food pyramid”

  14. Old Food Pyramid

  15. New Food Pyramid

  16. General Dietary Recommendations: · 3 to 5 servings of vegetables · 2 to 4 servings of fruits · 2 to 3 servings of milk, yogurt & cheese · 6 to 11 servings of bread, cereal, rice, & pasta · 2 to 3 servings of meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs & nuts · Use fats, oils & sweets sparingly

  17. Just what is “One Serving”? Milk products group: · 1 cup about 8 oz. of milk or yogurt · 2 slices of cheese, 1/8" thick (1½ oz.) · 2 cups of cottage cheese · 1½ cups of ice milk, ice cream or frozen yogurt Meat group: · 2 oz. to 3 oz. of cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish · 2 eggs · 7 oz. tofu · 1 cup cooked legumes or dried beans or peas · 4 tablespoons peanut butter · 1/2 cup nuts or seeds Vegetables: · 1/2 cup cooked vegetables · 1/2 cup raw chopped vegetables · 1 cup raw leafy vegetables · 1/2 to 3/4 cup vegetable juice Fruits: · 1 whole medium fruit (about 1 cup) · 1/4 cup dried fruit · 1/2 cup canned fruit · 1/2 to 3/4 cup fruit juice Bread and Cereals: · 1 slice bread · 1 medium muffin · 1/2 hot dog bun or hamburger bun · 1/2 bagel or english muffin · 4 small crackers · 1 tortilla · 1 cup cold cereal · 1/2 cup cooked cereal · 1/2 cup rice · 1/2 cup pasta

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