“ NANO” is derived from the Greek word for “ dwarf “.

1. “ NANO” is derived from the Greek word for “ • dwarf “. • • One nanometer (nm) is one-billionth of a meter, • 10-9 m. is approx width of 4-5 hydrogen atoms • A human hair is approximately 80,000 nm wide • A red blood cell approximately 7000 nm wide.

2. Coin 2 cm Hair 100 m Rain drop 1 mm Red blood cell 5 m

3. Bacteriophage 60 -70 nm Gold Particles 13 nm & 50 nm DNA Diameter = 2nm Flu virus 100 nm

4. Nanotechnology is not a new phenomenon The Lycurgus Cup, a stained glass cup of 4th Century A.D. (from Rome) shows green colour as reflected light and red colour as transmitted light due to the presence of Au/Ag alloy nano particles • Nanotechnology is not a new phenomenon • The Lycurgus Cup, a stained glass cup of 4th Century A.D. (from Rome) shows green colour as reflected light and red colour as transmitted light due to the presence of Au/Ag alloy nano particles • 70 nm sized particles of silver/gold alloy • as seen in an electron microscope

5. LIFE Perspective Atom 0.1 nm DNA (width) 2 nm Protein 5 – 50 nm Virus 75 – 100 nm Materials internalized by cells < 100 nm Bacteria 1,000 – 10,000 nm White Blood Cell 10,000 nm

6. Understanding Effects • Centimeter: Gravity, friction, combustion • Millimeter: Gravity, friction, combustion, electrostatic • Micrometer: Electrostatic, van der Walls, Brownian • Nanometer: Electrostatic, van der Walls, Brownian, Quantum • Angstrom: Quantum mechanics

8. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of functional materials, devices, and systems through control of matter at the nanometer scale (1-100 nanometers, one nanometer being equal to 10A or one billionth of a meter), that is, at the atomic and molecular levels, and the exploitation of novel phenomena and properties of matter at that scale.

9. It was thought to be only two allotropes of carbon originally Graphite and Diamond

10. Types of Carbon Nanotubes Single-Walled Nanotubes (SWNT) Multi-Walled Nanotubes (MWNT)

11. Types of Carbon Nanotubes

13. Fullerenes

14. They are named after Buckminster Fuller, an architect who created geodesic dome structures, which were already famous and looked similar to C60 and other fullerenes.

15. Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was developed by G. Binnig and W. Rohrer at the IBM Research Laboratory in 1982. They won Noble Prize in 1986.