OT Survey I

1. OT Survey I Daniel

2. Israel’s Division and Captivity Northern Kingdom 10 Tribes Capital: Samaria Zerubbabel, Ezra, Nehemiah 70 Year Captivity Jeroboam, followed by 18 bad kings. 722BC 536 BC 605 BC 1043 BC 538 BC Decree of Cyrus 931 BC Southern Kingdom 2 Tribes Capital: Jerusalem United King-dom under Saul, David, & Solomon (112 years) 597 BC Ezekiel & 10,000 586 BC Jerusalem destroyed Rehoboam, followed by 11 bad and 8 good kings. 605 BC Daniel & 3 friends

3. Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel Ezekiel Hosea Isaiah Jeremiah Daniel Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah 536 Construction of temple begun

4. Daniel the Man • Daniel, deported to Babylon as a youth in 605 BC, served with distinction in the Babylonian and Medo-Persian empires for some 68 years. • He was evidently taken captive in his early teens, and faithfully served God in high positions of leadership within two different Gentile empires, up through his early 80s.

5. Historical Background • In 605 BC, Nebuchadnezzar led Babylon against Egypt at the Battle of Carchemish. (His father, Nabopolassar, was still alive at this time and sat upon the throne). • Egypt was defeated and Carchemish was destroyed. While pursuing the fleeing Egyptians Nebuchadnezzar also conquered key cities in Syria and Palestine. • Then, as he made his way back north, he stopped in Jerusalem and demanded its submission. It was here that he plundered the temple and took a number of young men, including Daniel and his 3 friends, captive to Babylon. • These were taken not for punishment, but rather to be trained for positions of leadership within the Babylonian Empire.

13. Major Themes • The Sovereignty of God over the Kingdoms of Man (2-11) • Israel as a Remnant Subject to the Gentiles (1,9) • The Progression of Gentile Kingdoms (2,7) – fourth kingdom is the greatest, out of which one will come who exalts himself against God, but who will be destroyed by the stone made without hands. • The Pride of the Gentile Kings (2-5, 7-8, 11) – demonstrated in images they had made, pride in their accomplishments. These kings also believed that their gods were stronger than the God of Israel. God does things to correct this situation, and to demonstrate that He alone is the true God. • The proclamation of the true God throughout the nations (2, 3, 4, 6) • The Ultimate Establishment of God’s Kingdom (2,7,12)

14. Purpose Statement for Daniel • The book of Daniel provides a panoramic sweep of human history during Gentile domination from Daniel’s own day until the establishment of God's kingdom upon the earth.

15. Structure of Daniel • The Historical Setting – The Babylonian Captivity – Chap. 1 • The captivity of Jerusalem (1:1-2) • The Conscription of Certain Jews for Special Training (1:3-7) • The Commitment of Daniel and His Companions (1:8-16) • The Choice of Daniel and His Companions for Royal Service (1:17-21) • The Prophetic Course of Gentile Domination (chaps. 2-7) • The Dreams of Nebuchadnezzar (chaps. 2-4) • The Debauch and Doom of Belshazzar (chap. 5) • The Decree of Darius (chap. 6) • The Dream of Daniel (chap. 7) • The Prophetic History of Israel: Through Desolation to Deliverance (chaps. 8-12) • The Prophecy of the Ram and He-Goat (chap. 8) • The Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks (chap. 9) • The Prophecy of Israel’s Subjection and Restoration (chaps. 10-12)

16. From the International Inductive Study Bible, p. 1432.

17. From the International Inductive Study Bible, p. 1432.

18. From the International Inductive Study Bible, p. 1432.

19. From the International Inductive Study Bible, p. 1432.

20. From the International Inductive Study Bible, p. 1432.

21. From the International Inductive Study Bible, p. 1427.

22. Daniel and the New Testament • Daniel provides the “big picture” of God’s program through history. Some of this plan is fulfilled within the time of the book itself. • By the time of Christ, four of the Gentile empires predicted in Daniel had appeared. • In His discourse on the Mount of Olives, Christ sketches out the events of the 70th week of the prophecy in Daniel 9. • The book of Revelation provides the greatest detail of that 70th week and of the events leading up to Christ’s return and the establishment of His kingdom.

23. Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks – Dan 9:24-27 70th week 69 weeks = 483 years 1 week = 7 years 7 weeks = 49 years 62 weeks = 434 years Artaxerxes decree to re-build Jerusalem, 445 or 444 B.C. (Neh 2:1-8) Completion of rebuilding of Jerusalem. Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem, A.D. 32 or 33 (Luke 19:28-38). • After the 69 weeks (Dan 9:26): • Messiah is cut-off. • Jerusalem is destroyed in A.D. 70. The prince of the people to come (i.e. Antichrist) makes a firm covenant with the many for one week, but puts a stop to sacrifice and offering halfway through the week (Dan 9:27).

24. Daniel’s 70th Week 3 ½ years = 1260 days 3 ½ years = 1260 days Abomination of Desolation (Matt 24:15; Dan 9:27) marks halfway point of 70th week. “The Great Tribulation” (Matt 24:16-21; Dan 12:1). Outpouring of trumpet and bowl judgments of Rev 8-9, 15-16. Antichrist given authority to act for a period of 42 months = 1260 days (Dan 7:24-25; Rev 13:3-7; 2 Thess 2:8-9). “Beginning of birth pangs” (Matt 24:3-8). This is time of the breaking of the first 6 seals of Rev 6.

25. Next Week (and for the Next Several Weeks): The Twelve