1 / 39

MCDST 70-271: Supporting Users and Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System

MCDST 70-271: Supporting Users and Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System. Chapter 13: Troubleshoot TCP/IP. Objectives. Understand basic network configuration under Windows XP Understand the basics of IP address configuration Perform TCP/IP configuration.

presta
Download Presentation

MCDST 70-271: Supporting Users and Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. MCDST 70-271: Supporting Users and Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System Chapter 13: Troubleshoot TCP/IP

  2. Objectives • Understand basic network configuration under Windows XP • Understand the basics of IP address configuration • Perform TCP/IP configuration Guide to MCDST 70-271

  3. Objectives (continued) • Understand name resolution basics • Use TCP/IP troubleshooting tools • Resolve basic TCP/IP problems Guide to MCDST 70-271

  4. Network Connection Under Windows XP • A single, multifaceted interface that combines networking access for LAN, Internet, and modem • Accessed through Control Panel Guide to MCDST 70-271

  5. Network Connection Under Windows XP (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  6. Creating New Network Links • Network Connections • Used to create and configure network connections • Create a new connection command in the Network Tasks list • Starts a wizard that takes the user through the process of establishing new network links Guide to MCDST 70-271

  7. Modifying Existing Network Links • Existing local area connections • Can be configured by opening the Properties dialog box for a particular object • Components of connection objects • Client: Client for Microsoft Networks • Service: QoS Packet Scheduler • Service: File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks • Protocol: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  8. Modifying Existing Network Links (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  9. Menu Options in Network Connections • File: Disable • Prevents selected Connection object from being used to establish a communications link • File: Enable • Allows selected Connection object to be used to establish a communications link Guide to MCDST 70-271

  10. Menu Options in Network Connections (continued) • File: Connect • Initiates the selected Connection object to establish a communications link • File: Status • Displays a Status window for the selected Connection object Guide to MCDST 70-271

  11. IP Addressing • IP addresses • Logical addresses that are 32 bits (4 bytes) long • Internet Protocol (IP) • Fast but unreliable • Part of the IP address assigned to a computer • Designates which network the computer is on • Represents the host ID of that computer Guide to MCDST 70-271

  12. IP Addressing (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  13. The Role of Classes • Class A address • First octet is used to identify network and three trailing octets are used to identify the hosts • Class B address • First two octets identify the network and the second two identify the host • Class C address • Use the first three octets for the network portion and the final octet for the host Guide to MCDST 70-271

  14. The Role of Classes (continued) • Subnet mask • Used to determine which part of an address denotes the network and which part the host • Subnet • Can be written as 255.255.0.0 • Can also be written as 172.16.1.1/16 Guide to MCDST 70-271

  15. Uniqueness of an IP Address • Each IP address must be unique on the Internet • If two IP addresses are duplicated, neither machine with that address is able to access the network • To define an IP address, you must configure the TCP/IP protocol Guide to MCDST 70-271

  16. TCP/IP Configuration • Items that you might need to obtain from a network administrator • Unique IP address for computer • Subnet mask for the network to which the computer belongs • Address of the default gateway • Address of one or more DNS servers, to provide IP name resolution services • You might need to provide an address for a WINS server Guide to MCDST 70-271

  17. TCP/IP Configuration (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  18. TCP/IP Configuration (continued) • Assign an IP address to a computer manually or through DHCP • DHCP • Used to automatically configure the TCP/IP settings for a computer • Default gateway for a computer • Specifies host to which computer should send data that is not destined for the computer’s subnet Guide to MCDST 70-271

  19. Name Resolution • An essential service for • Moderate- to large-sized networks • Any system (or network) wishing to communicate with the Internet • Forms of name resolution • Domain name to IP address • Computer name to IP address Guide to MCDST 70-271

  20. The HOSTS File • A static file placed on members of a network to: • Provide a resolution mechanism between host names and IP addresses • Used on small networks where the deployment of a DNS server is unwarranted • Used on remote systems to reduce traffic over slow WAN links • Can be used to hard-code important systems, such as mission-critical servers Guide to MCDST 70-271

  21. DNS • Handles job of translating symbolic name, such as www.microsoft.com into a corresponding numeric IP address (207.46.250.252) • Can provide reverse lookup services • Highly distributed database that organizes IP names into hierarchical domains Guide to MCDST 70-271

  22. LMHOSTS File • Static file placed on members of a network to provide a resolution mechanism between NetBIOS names and IP addresses • Used only on small networks where deployment of a WINS server is unwarranted • Each line of an LMHOSTS file contains an IP address followed by the corresponding NetBIOS name Guide to MCDST 70-271

  23. WINS • Not a true native TCP/IP service • An extension added by Microsoft • Dynamic service used to replace the static mechanism of the LMHOSTS file Guide to MCDST 70-271

  24. Resolving Name Resolution Problems • Only troubleshooting task a DST can perform to resolve problems with name resolution is verifying proper configuration of DNS and WINS server addresses • Check contents of the HOSTS or LMHOSTS files • Ping various systems to test for resolution • Otherwise, name resolution problems must be forwarded to the network administrator Guide to MCDST 70-271

  25. TCP/IP Troubleshooting Tools • Ipconfig command line tool • Used to manage and view information related to DHCP and DNS • When used without any parameters, displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all network interfaces on local machine Guide to MCDST 70-271

  26. TCP/IP Troubleshooting Tools (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  27. PING Command Line Tool • Uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol to inquire if a designated host is reachable on the network • Used to request a response from a remote host • Provides information about round-trip time required to deliver a message to machine and receive a reply Guide to MCDST 70-271

  28. PING Command Line Tool (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  29. PING Command Line Tool (continued) • Used to test network latency on each intermediary hop between a local source client and a destination • Might be helpful as the tool to use after ping, if a failure is detected • May be able to indicate last node, system, or hop that responded to echo requests before the communications failure occurred Guide to MCDST 70-271

  30. Tracert Command Line Tool • Used to determine the path employed by an ICMP echo request message • Displays list of all encountered routers between client and target system along with time to live (TTL) field values Guide to MCDST 70-271

  31. Tracert Command Line Tool (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  32. Nslookup Command Line Tool • Used to translate an FQDN into an IP address using DNS • Used to verify that a system’s full name is properly registered in DNS • Proper syntax to test a system’s registration • nslookup FQDN Guide to MCDST 70-271

  33. Nslookup Command Line Tool (continued) Guide to MCDST 70-271

  34. ARP • Used to associate a logical (IP) address to a physical (MAC) address • Command is used to view and modify the contents of the ARP cache Guide to MCDST 70-271

  35. The Use of the Repair Button • Appears on the Support tab of a connection object’s Status dialog box • Can be used to resolve basic problems with DHCP and name resolution caches • Can be used as a troubleshooting technique Guide to MCDST 70-271

  36. Troubleshooting TCP/IP Problems • Use ipconfig from a Command Prompt to view the current TCP/IP configuration • If IP address begins with 169, system did not receive an assigned IP address configuration from DHCP Guide to MCDST 70-271

  37. Troubleshooting TCP/IP Problems (continued) • If IP address is 0.0.0.0: • Network cable is disconnected • Device driver for the NIC is not loaded • IP address is a duplicate of another system on the same segment • Verify that subnet mask is correct • Verify that the default gateway, DNS, and WINS addresses are correct Guide to MCDST 70-271

  38. Summary • Windows XP Professional provides network access primarily by using TCP/IP • TCP/IP • Routable • Supports enterprise-level networks • Has been designed to interconnect dissimilar types of computers • An industry-standard protocol that provides easy cross-platform communication • Thorough knowledge is important Guide to MCDST 70-271

  39. Summary (continued) • Windows XP • Includes a number of applications that utilize TCP/IP and provide Internet connectivity • Can use a wide variety of name resolution solutions • Includes several tools for viewing, altering, and troubleshooting TCP/IP configuration Guide to MCDST 70-271

More Related