Europe, 600 - 1450

1. Europe, 600 - 1450 Chapter 9 (pp. 253 – 263)

2. The Byzantine Empire • Geography • Eastern half of the Roman Empire • Eastern Mediterranean • Centered in Greece & Anatolia • Neighbors w/ Abbasids & Kievan Russia • Capital @ Constantinople (modern day Istanbul, Turkey)

3. The Byzantine Empire • Founding characteristics • Christian • Continued Roman imperial rule & tradition • Justinian’s Code • Combined the role of the emperor w/ political oversight of the Christian Church

4. The Byzantine Empire • Cultural Achievements • Hagia Sophia • Icons • CyrillicAlphabet

5. The Cyrillic Alphabet

6. The Byzantine Empire • Society & Urban Life • The Plague of Justinian • Population declines • Decline of the urban elite • Led to growing disparity b/t rich & poor • Gender roles became more patriarchal • Women veiled & confined to homes • Exception occurred b/t 1028 – 1056 when women helped rule the Empire • Economic decline • Due in part to the plague & other epidemics • Reverted to barter system • Gov’t intervention in trade slowed economic innovation

7. The Byzantine Empire • Decline of the Empire • By the mid-600s, Arab (Islamic) invasions began to chip away at the Empire • Later, attacks by Germanic invaders, Slavs, etc. weakened the Byzantines • 1024, the Great Schism damaged the relationship b/t East & West Europe • Led to split b/t Catholics & Orthodox Christians • 1453, Ottoman Turks overran the Empire

8. Quick Write 10/8 • How did the rise of Islam impact the Byzantine Empire? • Why was the Great East-West Schism (1054) significant? • Beyond the greatness of Constantinople, what examples of Byzantine decline developed after 1000?

9. Medieval Europe • Geography • Western half of the Roman Empire • Western Europe • Decentralized • 711, Muslims overran Spain & established Islamic state of Al-Andalas

10. Medieval Europe • Founding characteristics • Christian • Papacy centered in Italy • Lost the Roman imperial framework • Ruled by various king, nobles, chiefs, etc. • Period of fear & physical insecurity • Urban & infrastructural decline • Subsistence lifestyles

11. Medieval Europe • The Carolingian Empire • 732, Charles Martel prevented Muslims from invading France • Martel’s Empire soon grew to encompass most of Germany & Italy • Martel’s grandson Charles the Great “Charlemagne” was anointed “protector of the papacy” • Carolingian Dynasty came to an end in 843 w/ the Treaty of Verdun • Succeeded in 962 by the Holy Roman Empire

13. Medieval Europe • 793, Vikings from Scandinavia began attacking northern territories in Western Europe • Conquered Northern France & England • Sailed across the Atlantic & organized settlements in Iceland, Greenland & Newfoundland

16. Medieval Europe • Medieval Society • Germanic customs replaced Roman ones • Ex. Latin split into the Romance languages • The Manorial System • Serfs replaced slaves • Feudalism • Kings and lords gave land to “vassals” in return for military support • Knights • Gender roles • Noble women were often forced to marry into land-based alliances • Peasant women lived more egalitarian lifestyles