Standardized Curriculum

1. Standardized Curriculum ENERGY AUDITOR - MULTIFAMILY WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

2. Chapters Available

3. Learning Objectives • By attending this session, participants will understand: • Applicability of single family priority list to small multifamily buildings • What multifamily buildings qualify for DOE Weatherization funding • Some general information and characteristics of multifamily buildings • How a building qualifies for Weatherization funding • The relationship of the client, building owner and subgrantee • How the client benefits from Weatherization improvements

4. Learning Objectives By attending this session, participants will understand: • How to do a building assessment • The role that clients play in helping the auditor determine health, safety, and energy needs • The desirable interaction among the auditor, the building owner/manager, the maintenance supervisor, and the client • Who the client is – and isn’t • Which building data is important to collect

5. Learning Objectives By attending this session, participants will: • Know the recommended diagnostic procedures for collecting building data • Know how to use this data to determine the most cost-effective retrofit strategies 

6. Learning Objectives By attending this session participants will understand: • How to evaluate utility consumption • How to generate theoretical fuel consumption • Base load and how to compare theoretical to actual utility consumption • The basics of various audit modeling tools • How to evaluate and select energy conservation measures (ECMs) • What goes into the scope of work for a multifamily weatherization project

7. The Big Picture • Weatherization in smaller (3-stories and less) multifamily buildings is often very similar to single family • Especially buildings with 25 units or fewer, units individually heated/cooled - single family priority lists often apply • Multifamily buildings require more up front preparation: • Coordination with building owner/manager • Fuel consumption data often more important

8. Low-Income Multifamily Households • More than ¼ of U.S. households are in multifamily buildings. • More than 11 million multifamily households have annual incomes that qualify for Weatherization assistance. • The average energy expenditure in multifamily low-income households is $1,247 annually. • 14.4% of annual income in low-income households is spent on energy vs. 3.3% by other households.

9. Eligible Multifamily Buildings • Which multifamily buildings are eligible? • WAP Household income requirement = 200% of poverty level or below (same as single family). • At least 66% of households in a multifamily building must meet income requirements. • At least 50% of households in duplexes and 4-unit buildings must meet income requirements. • How much Wx funding is available for each building? • (average Wx $/unit) x (number of units in building) x (% of units in building eligible for funding) • Example: 75% of units are eligible in an 80-unit building where average funding/unit is $6,200. • Total available for WX upgrades to building = $6,200 x 80 x 0.75 = $372,000.

10. Eligible Multifamily Buildings • WPN 10-15 describes which buildings meet eligibility levels without further investigation of the subgrantee. • Building owner also must agree not to raise the rent for a reasonable period of time after weatherization work has been completed. • In some buildings (Lists 1 and 3 in WPN 10-15), the building owner has already agreed. The auditor does not need to coordinate an agreement. • In other buildings (List 2 in WPN 10-15), eligible dwelling units could be subject to rent increases as a result of Weatherization improvements, so the building owner/manager must sign off that rents will not increase.

11. Eligible Multifamily: WPN 10-15, List 1 • What do the lists of eligible properties from Notice 10-15 mean? • Three types of property eligibilities are described. List 1 identifies three kinds of HUD properties not subject to rent increases as a result of the weatherization: • Sheet 1) Specific Public Housing properties that are 100% income-eligible

12. Eligible Multifamily: WPN 10-15, List 1 • Sheet 2) Specific Public Housing properties that are at least 66% income-eligible

13. Eligible Multifamily: WPN 10-15, List 1 • Sheet 3) Specific “HUD Multifamily” (Section 8) properties that are at least 66% income-eligible

14. Eligible Multifamily: WPN 10-15, List 2 • List 2 identifies “HUD Multifamily” (Section 8) properties that are at least 66% income-eligible but HUD’s contract with the building owner will expire in less than three years.

15. Eligible Multifamily: WPN 10-15, List 3 • List 3 identifies USDA properties that are 100% income-eligible.

16. Multifamily Client • Who is the client? This can get complicated. • The client is each income-eligible household. • Are all units in the multifamily building income-eligible? • Income = 200% of poverty level or below • Who pays the utility bill? • Master metered? • Individually metered? • Hybrid (master meter gas/individually meter electric or vice versa)?

17. Contract with Building Owner • A contract with the building owner or building manager is mandatory.

18. WPN 10-15A – Benefits to Clients • Benefits of WAP in multi-family building rental units must accrue primarily to the low-income tenants residing in such units. Examples: • Longer term preservation of the property as affordable housing • Continuation of protection against rent increases • Investment of the energy savings from the weatherization work in facilities or services that offer measurable direct benefits to tenants • Investment of the energy savings from the weatherization work in specific health and safety improvements with measurable benefits to tenants; • Improvements to heat and hot water distribution, and ventilation, to improve the comfort of residents • Establishment of a shared savings programs

19. WPN 10-17 – Buy-downs • Installing improvements when SIR < 1 requires buy-downs. • Total costs of improvement is discounted with non-federal sources, e.g.: • Landlord contributions • Utility funds • Donations • State funds • Do not leapfrog cost-effective measures! • Total package must still have (SIR) > 1 when total investment is measured against total estimated savings. No leapfrogging! You can’t install bought-down measures ahead of measures with a higher pre-buy-down SIR.

20. Multifamily vs. Single-Family Audit #1 • How is the multifamily audit different? • Multiple parties are involved • Service provider (subgrantee) • Building owner/manager • Maintenance department • Residents • Every group or individual has their own priorities/interests/proclivities/problems…whatever!

21. Multifamily vs. Single-Family Audit #4 • How do you model a multifamily building? • Approved audit tool depends on many things but primarily building size • 2-4 units: NEAT • 5-25 units individually heated/cooled: NEAT, Rem/Design • 5-25 units shared heating/cooling: EA-QUIP, TREAT • 25+ units: EA-QUIP, TREAT

22. Pre-Audit Preparation Pre-audit preparation is very important because so many parties are involved: • The residents • The building owner and (often) the management company • The building superintendent • The auditor and the Weatherization agency Pre-audit preparation includes: • Gathering the required information • Holding a pre-audit kickoff meeting • Scheduling the audit Conducting the audit requires: • An outdoor inspection • An indoor inspection of the common areas and shared mechanical areas • An inspection of the residential units

23. Information Availability Ensure the following information is available: Drawings and related documentation • Latest blueprints/as-built drawings • Major building repairs/improvements • History of modifications Apartment description • Number of units and unit types • Number of rooms per unit • Unit and room sizes Utility consumption records for at least 12 continuous months • How is the utility consumption metered? Who pays the bills?

24. Pre-Audit Meeting Agenda Pre-audit kickoff meeting agenda should also include: • Discussion of who will participate in building audit walk-through • Auditor team • Building owner/management rep • Maintenance supervisor • Resident representatives • Wx agency representative • Others? • Schedule for the audit walk-through • Discussion of how to prepare residents for the walk-through • Discussion of superintendent’s responsibilities • Always accompanies audit team • Always pre-plans (and has keys and tools) to access all units, mechanical rooms, roof, crawl space, basement and equipment

25. Ask the Right Questions Many of the questions for multifamily are similar to single family, but more expansive:

26. Pre-Audit Meeting Agenda

27. Exterior Visual Assessment #1 Begin with the outdoor inspection. Take lots of pictures. • Verify building measurements. • Note outside wall facing type, coating, and condition. • Perform general infrared scan. • Inspect and record types and sizes of windows and exterior doors. Note clues about air leakage at both. • Inspect outside lighting and record numbers, types and conditions of fixtures and bulbs. • Note type and condition of exterior foundation. Are all living units above ground? • Inspect the roof.

28. Interior Visual Assessment – Central HVAC & DHW Configuration #2 During your walk-through, verify or correct the type and number of systems recorded from the drawings: • Hydronic or steam systems? • 1-pipe or 2-pipe systems? • Electric baseboard system? • Forced air systems? • Controls and setpoints? • System & component characteristics

29. Interior Visual Assessment – Residential Units #2 Note the presence, location, and condition of: • Wall insulation • Windows and doors • Thermostats • Refrigerators • Fireplaces • Air registers • Window A/C units • Recessed light fixtures • Stored chemicals that might affect IAQ

30. What do we test? • Combustion appliance safety • Combustion efficiency • Blower door (Air leakage) • Zonal Pressure Diagnostics • Infrared imaging • Duct Leakage • Ventilation exhaust flow • Electrical • Water flow • Baseload • Moisture A sample combustion appliance test toolkit.

31. Zone Pressure Diagnostics #2 The pressure difference of the roof cavity WRT the apartment should be close to 50 Pa. • If impractical to measure the roof cavity directly, take a separate local reading during the blower door test. 50 Pa WRT the residence

32. Infrared Scanning #1 An infrared scan with the blower door running shows air leakage at the top plate of an interior wall cavity adjacent to the attic ceiling. Conduct infrared scan with the blower door running to determine: • Air leakage in inaccessible building cavities • Effectiveness of the thermal boundary Photo courtesy of PA Weatherization Training Center

33. Electrical – Testing Voltage Drop Testing • Reads the percentage of voltage drop on a circuit. • A voltage drop over 5% may indicate undersized wiring, improper slices, and other dangerous point loads due to bad connections. • A qualified technician should investigate potential wiring problems. Photo courtesy of PA Weatherization Training Center

34. Moisture: Symptoms #3 Mold on interior surfaces Photo source: PA WTC Photo Photo Source: PA WTC

35. Bill Analysis Example No. 1 2610 2690 7510/3 = 2,503

36. Appliance Energy Use (Annual) 36

37. Calculating Theoretical Loads • Calculate theoretical utility use with an approved modeling tool. • The training/technical support contacts are as follows: EA-QUIP Nick Dirr, LEED AP ndirr@aeanyc.org Association for Energy Affordability, Inc 105 Bruckner Blvd., Bronx, NY 10454 (718) 292-6733 x8209 TREAT David HoffmannPerformance Systems Development treatregister@treatsoftware.com124 Brindley Street, Ithaca, NY 14850 (607) 277-6240 x252 Rem/Design Rob Salcido Support@remrate.com Architectural Energy Corporation 2540 Frontier Avenue, Suite 201 Boulder, Colorado 80301 (303) 459-7504 NEAT Michael Gettings gettingsmb@ornl.gov Oak Ridge National Laboratory PO Box 2008 MS6070Oak Ridge,TN 37831-6070 (865) 574-4506

38. Analyzing Model Outputs #1 Modeled vs. Actual Energy Use Wide difference between modeled and measured consumption when specified HVAC equipment used in model.

39. Lighting and CFL Considerations • Dimmers • Photocells • Specialty bulbs (candelabra, reflectors, etc.) • Color Scale • CRI: 0 – 100; most CFLs are between 80-90 • Kelvin Temperature • 2700 - 3000K: Warm white/Soft white light (incandescent) • 3500 - 4100K: Cool or Bright White light • 5000 - 6500K: Natural or Daylight • Mercury

40. Ventilation #1 Fans are selected from menus. Duty (hours of usage) can be specified by modeler.

41. Recommendations #2 …and some provide the information on more than one sheet. EA-QUIP lists payback and SIR on one sheet… (Note that the audit tools usually allow the user to add or remove possible measures. In this example the model evaluated window replacement.)

42. Client Acceptance • Appendix A • SIR ≥ 1 • Client Acceptance Review recommendations with clients and building owner. If the either does not want certain measures installed: • Continue with weatherization, minus the unwanted measures • This can get complicated in multifamily buildings where there are many clients, which is why communication throughout the process is key – and why a trusted resident representative is important. • Scope of work must carefully reflect specific exclusions. • Defer weatherization services

43. Develop Scope of Work #1 Write a document that is well-organized and uses understandable terminology Depending on complexity/size, you might want to involve an engineering firm or an architect/engineer to develop contract documents for the Weatherization work. The scope of work should include: • Clear travel directions • Contact information • Note any client issues – contact time, deafness, need translator, etc. • Photos of front of building • Accurate dimensions, material quantities and description of materials • Demolition and replacement description and details for replacement or repair of HVAC and DHW and associated equipment