The People of the Civil War

1. The People of the Civil War Developed by: Todd Goodwin Bob Jones Marilyn Zavorski Applewild School Fitchburg, MA Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA Teaching American History: Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction July 2005

2. Focus: The War Begins, 1861 – 1862 Confederate High Tide, 1862 –1863 Yankee Resurgence, 1863 – 1865 Billy Yank and Johnny Reb

3. This slide show advances automatically. Use the mouse or arrow keys to go back or forward for review.

4. Between 1861 and 1865 the people of the United States were involved, as Abraham Lincoln reminded us at Gettysburg, in “a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.” Who were these people?

5. Some, like Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, are still very familiar to us today.

6. Can you name the president of the seceding states, also called the Confederate States of America? Jefferson Davis http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/151.jpg

7. What is the term used to describe the official advisors to the president? Cabinet Here is President Lincoln’s cabinet.

8. Here is the Confederate Cabinet.

9. Many remember Generals Grant and Lee. Which side did each lead? General Grant General Lee The Union The Confederates

10. Which Union general is remembered for his famous “march to the sea” through Georgia? William Tecumseh Sherman

11. Which Confederate general, who Lee called his right arm, was tragically killed by his own men at Chancellorsville,VA? Hint: His nickname was Stonewall. Thomas J. Jackson

12. There sure were many generals in the Civil War. This is Winfield Scott, the highest ranking Federal general at the beginning of the war. Whom did he recommend to Lincoln for field commander of the Union Army? Robert E. Lee

13. Here are two Confederate generals: P. G. T. Beauregard Joseph E. Johnston

14. For much of the war Lincoln sought a general who would aggressively attack the Confederate Army. Pictured here with President Lincoln is one of his more controversial generals, who later ran for president against Lincoln. Can you name him? George B. McClellan

15. Here are three other Union generals.

16. Both sides in the war used soldiers riding on horseback. What is the term for this type of soldier? Cavalry Here is Lee’s most famous cavalry commander, J. E. B. Stuart. Note the the high boots and saber and plumed hat of this cavalry leader.

17. Here is another group of southern cavalry raiders under the leadership John S. Mosby in the center with the plumed hat.

18. On the left is General Philip Sheridan, a Union cavalry leader and his staff. The man sitting on the chair on the right is nicknamed the “boy general.” Can you name him? Hint: Later he will be known for his “last stand.” George Armstrong Custer

19. Many of the officers on both sides of the war were graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point. On the right is Custer as a lieutenant. On the left is his West Point classmate, James Washington of the Confederate Army, who had just been captured.

20. Both sides also had navies, though the Union’s was much stronger. The fleets of these two men helped control the Mississippi River for the Union. Admiral David G. Farragut Admiral David Dixon Porter

21. In addition to the famous, people of all walks of life were involved in the Civil War. They were the farmers, teamsters, mill workers, craftsmen, women, children and slaves. Some we know by name, some remain anonymous.

22. All over the country there were state and local militia groups. Here are some Virginian militia on the eve of the war.

23. To meet the increased demand, soldiers were recruited from all walks of life. NorthernRecruitment Poster http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html

24. As the war progressed, both sides resorted to drafting men to fight. This was not popular with all citizens. http://www.hangmansknot.com/images/pic_riots.gif

25. Over 3 million people served in the armies of the Civil War. http://www.civil-war.net/ http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/007.jpg

26. Here is a Union regimental band in training camp. They provided signals and directions during battle and entertainment in camp. What were bands and musicians used for in the war? Click on the drum to hear the Battle Cry of Freedom. X Close the website and advance this slide with arrow key.

27. Here is the crew of the USS Monitor. What was a monitor? It is was a class of ironclad ships built by the Union Navy.

28. However, the war wasn’t just fighting. Fraternization - Federal and Confederate pickets trading between the lines -- usually northern coffee for southern tobacco. Original pencil drawing by Edwin Forbes. Drawing: Library of Congress

29. Here are some of Sherman’s soldiers tearing up southern railroad tracks on their “march to the sea.”

30. Here are Lee’s men just after learning about the southern surrender at Appomattox.

31. Women played a valuable role in this era. First published in 1852,Harriet Beecher Stowe'snovel greatly helped theanti-slavery movement. http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html

32. Harriet Beecher Stowe worked to awaken the North to the harshness of slavery. Slave Pen, Alexandria, Va.Photographer: Andrew J. Russell. http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html

33. For over 200 years black slaves toiled to build America from agriculture and the crafts . . . http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t001/T001921B.jpg

34. to urban labor. Black Laborers on a Wharf - James River, VA http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/014.jpg

35. The coming of war changed the status of many blacks. Escaped slaves seek refuge behind Union lines - Such blacks were often called "contrabands." Historical photo: Library of Congress

36. The great abolitionist leader, Frederick Douglass, urged the North to enlist Blacks to fight for the cause. Frederick Douglass - Anti-slavery leader (1817-95). Historical photo: Library of Congress

37. Company E, 4th US. Colored Infantry Fort Lincoln, District of Columbia By the end of the war, over 200,00 blacks served in the Union Army and Navy.

38. Recruitment Handbill “In this Civil War handbill for black recruits, African American soldiers are shown liberating slaves and bringing new hope for a good education and a productive way of life.” http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/detail/recruitment-handbill.html

39. Women served in a variety of ways. Clara Barton was given a nickname for helping the sick and wounded soldiers on the battlefield. What was it? “Angel of the Battlefield”

40. Annie Ethridge "Civilian" (aka Gentle Annie, Michigan Annie) Daughter of the Regiment/Nurse http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/8558/2ndMich/bios/bioannie.html • Served with: 2nd, 3rd and 5th Michigan Infantry, also closely connected with the 40th New York (Mozart Regiment) Volunteer Infantry • Present at: First Bull Run, Williamsburg, Second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Petersburg, Cold Harbor, Blackburn's Ford, Appomattox and New York to help limit draft riots; also worked on several transport ships: Knickerbocker, Louisiana, Daniel Webster, Wenona http://www.vivandiere.net/unionvivs.html

41. Dr. Mary Edwards Walker November 26, 1832 - February 21, 1919 http://www.undelete.org/military/mil3walker.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_325.html Surgeon, Spy, Suffragette, Prisoner of War, Proponent of Style and Congressional Medal of Honor Winner

42. These two women were spies for the Confederacy.

43. Pauline Cushman was a spy for the USA.

44. Rose Greenhow warned the Confederacy of the Union advance, which led to the first Battle of Bull Run. She is pictured here with her daughter while in Union custody.

45. Some women even fought in combat. “This is a photograph of ‘Sam’ Blalock of Co. F (The Hibriten Guards) of the 26th NC Troops. She is holding a photograph of her husband, William McKesson (Keith) Blalock, who also served in Co. F. ‘Sam’ was born in 1842 and, at age 20, she and her husband would embark on a remarkable adventure.” Malinda Blalock, alias Sam Blalock http://www.cojoweb.com/malinda_blaylock.html

46. She served many months in Missouri artillery and cavalry units disguised as a man. Frances Clayton Photos from Boston Public Library

47. Sarah Emma Edmonds of Michigan (originally from Canada) alias Frank Thompson, Civil War soldier and spy

48. Loreta Janeta Velazquez, b. 1842 Alias, Harry T. Buford, C.S.A. http://docsouth.unc.edu/velazquez/velazquez.html

49. Children also served in the war.

50. Photographers and illustrators helped us remember the people of the Civil War. Mathew Brady Alexander Gardner Brady's photographic outfit in the field near Petersburg, Va., 1864. http://www.treasurenet.com/images/civilwar/CIVIL067.JPG Alfred Waud