THE PROGRESSIVE ERA CHAPTER 9

1. THE PROGRESSIVE ERACHAPTER 9 MR. ALLEN U.S. HISTORY THE AMERICANS

2. SECTION 1 – THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM • Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America led to broad progressive reforms. • Progressive reforms in areas such as labor and voting rights reinforced democratic principles that continue to exist today.

3. THE 4 GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM • Protecting social welfare • Promoting moral improvement • Creating economic reform • Fostering efficiency

4. Promoting Social Welfare • Soften some of the harsh conditions created by industrialization • YMCA • Salvation army • Florence Kelly – Advocate for improving the lives of women and children

5. Prohibition – The 18th Amendment banned alcoholic beverages Prohibitionist groups feared that alcohol was undermining American morals. Promoting moral improvement

7. Creating Economic Reform • A severe economic panic in 1873 caused some Americans to question the capitalist system. • American Socialist Party founded in 1901 • MUCKRAKERS – Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life

8. SECTION 2WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE • As a result of social and economic change, many women entered public life as workers and reformers • Women won new opportunities in labor and education that are enjoyed today.

9. Women in Public Life • 19th Century: Women expected to care for home and family (before civil war) • Poorer women had to work • Farming in rural areas • Factory work in cities • 20% of women work • 25% of them in manufacturing • Also in education, offices, stores, bookkeepers

10. WOMEN LEAD REFORM • By 1910, women’s clubs were nearly 500,000 strong. They discussed art and literature • Grew into reform groups –Child labor and literature • Vassar college

11. 1848 – Convention were prominent reformers got together and asked for women’s suffrage. 14th Amendment- “I would sooner cut off my right hand than ask the ballot for a black man and not a woman.” SENECA FALLS – Declaration of Sentiments

12. SECTION 3 -TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL • As president, Theodore Roosevelt worked to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms • Teddy Roosevelt’s conservation efforts made a permanent impact on environmental resources.

13. Roosevelt Rises to Power

14. Theodore Roosevelt • Governor of New York • Hero of the Spanish-American War • Chosen as William McKinley’s Vice-Presidential nominee • The GOP found him hard to control • Thought they could “hide” him • Becomes president when McKinley is assassinated • 1901

15. “Bully Pulpit” and federal power • TR saw the presidency as a bully pulpit • Bully Pulpit: Place to push for ideas • Believed regular people needed a fair chance to succeed • A “Square Deal” • Used federal power to push reform

16. Trustbusting • 1900: Trusts control 80% of all industry • Priced competitors out of the market • Then boosted prices • Sherman Antitrust Act was ineffective • TR orders Justice Dept. to sue Northern Securities (railroad company) • Supreme Court dissolves the company

17. Miners went on strike, wanting a 20% pay raise and shorter days. Teddy threatened to have the Federal Govt take over the mining business Both sides came to the white house and struck a deal Set a standard 1902 Coal Strike

18. Describes sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry Teddy pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act. Pure food and drug act – Truth in labeling Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”

19. TR and John Muir in Yosemite

20. Conservation • Roosevelt sets aside land • 1.5 million acres for water-power sites • 80 million acres for mineral/water resources • Creates 50 wildlife sanctuaries • Conservation: • Preservation of the wilderness

21. SECTION 9.4 – PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT • Taft’s ambivalent approach to progressive reform led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats • Rise of the Third Party Candidate

22. Taft sought to consolidate rather than expand Roosevelt’s reforms Signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff, angering anti-tariff progressives TAFT STUMBLES

23. Taft’s cautious nature made it impossible for him to hold together the party, progressives and conservatives Roosevelt returns from Africa THE REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLITS

24. THE BULL MOOSE PARTY • Progressive Agenda • Advocated Women’s suffrage • 8 hour weekday • Child labor laws

25. WOODROW WILSON WINS PRESIDENCY

26. WOODROW WILSON WINS PRESIDENCY • Southern Democrat, Academic, Governor of New Jersey • New Nationalism- The government should exert its power for the welfare of the people • Wilson enacted similar polices to those championed by Teddy Roosevelt

27. Woodrow Wilson established a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader 19th Amendment passed during his administration, giving women the vote SECTION 9.5 – WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

28. Financial Reforms • Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Strengthens the Sherman Anti-trust act. • Federal trade commission, Federal Reserve established • A new federal income tax established

29. MORE ON THE FEDERAL RESERVE • 12 districts • Decentralized private banking system under federal control • Banker’s banks could issue new currency in emergency situations to banks • Ben Bernanke

30. The Progressive era ends • Failure to help African Americans • Wilson opposed anti-lynching legislation • World War 1 ends the progressive era