1 / 62

“The awkward fact with which US policy wrestles is that

“The awkward fact with which US policy wrestles is that People flee the world’s Haitis for a combination of motives. All are deserving of some compassion but how much?” Newsweek , Dec. 4 1991. “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,

pomona
Download Presentation

“The awkward fact with which US policy wrestles is that

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. “The awkward fact with which US policy wrestles is that People flee the world’s Haitis for a combination of motives. All are deserving of some compassion but how much?” Newsweek, Dec. 4 1991 “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me” Inscribed at base of Statue of Liberty, by Emma Lazarus

  2. As you know in the developing world treatable infectious diseases remain big killers Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age 0-44 (World Health Organization)

  3. Now it’s time to look at number 3: Malaria Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age 0-44 (World Health Organization)

  4. That’s right: 300 million new cases per year making it the most prevalent serious infectious disease! Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age 0-44 (World Health Organization)

  5. 2.1 billion people live in MALARIOUS areas

  6. Like HIV and TB, malaria is • unequally distributed, even in the tropics

  7. In areas of Africa with high transmission • there are 2700 deaths per day = 2 per minute www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  8. It’s especially hard on kids

  9. It’s especially hard on kids 75% of the deaths are among African children

  10. www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  11. What Is malaria? • A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium

  12. What Is malaria? • Transmitted only by Anopheles Mosquitoes (>60 species!) Seattle Biomedical Research Institute

  13. What Is malaria? • The Disease can be Acute or Chronic

  14. Acute Symptoms • Classical features include cyclic symptoms • Cold stage: chills and shaking • Hot stage: fever, headache, vomiting, seizures in children • Sweating stage: weakness • Feel well for period of time, then cycle repeats itself www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  15. In fact it is several different diseases

  16. www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  17. Each disease has a distinct course

  18. Each disease has a distinct course “Tertian Malaria” (P.falciparum, P.ovale and P.vivax) fever occurs every third day. “Quartan Malaria” (P. malariae) fever occurs every fourth day. www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  19. Each disease has a distinct course P.ovale and P.vivax can cause chronic malaria, reappearing after months or years due to latent parasites in liver www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  20. Each disease also has a distinct geographical distribution www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  21. Each disease also has a distinct geographical distribution www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  22. Each disease also has a distinct geographical distribution www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  23. Malaria damages the bodyin a number of ways • Red blood cell destruction -> anemia • Waves of parasites bursting red blood cells Lead to classic cycles of fever and chills

  24. Malaria damages the bodyin a number of ways • Changes adhesive properties of infected Red blood cells -> blocking blood vessels leading to Tissue hypoxia

  25. Malaria damages the bodyin a number of ways • If this happens in brain it is cerebral malaria which is often fatal Blocking blood vessels can also cause kidney failure

  26. Malaria damages the bodyin a number of ways In severe cases 20% of patients can die, even with the best care

  27. DIAGNOSIS • Gold standard: Multiple thick and thin smears

  28. Malaria is not currently a serious threat in the US • 1300 cases in US per year • Essentially all “imported” • Also transfusion related malaria www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  29. Although…. www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  30. Malaria is not currently a serious threat in the US

  31. However, this was not always the case

  32. Not that long ago…. www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  33. It could come back! www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  34. Let step back and lookat the parasites that cause malaria

  35. It was discovered more than 100 years ago A French army doctor in Algeria observed parasites inside red blood cells of malaria patients and proposed for the first time that a protozoan caused disease Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  36. 1907 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine! French army doctor in Algeria observed parasites inside red blood cells of malaria patients and proposed for the first time that a protozoan caused disease Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran www.uhhg.org/mcrh/resources/video/malariappt.pdf

  37. So just who is this Plasmodium? www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  38. It’s not a bacterium or virus but a eukaryote like us www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  39. However, unlike us it lives a solitary life as a single cell www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/parasitology/2006/PAR-05Color .pdf

  40. Let’s go back to the family tree

  41. Let’s go back to the family tree http://drnelson.utmem.edu/Woods.Hole/slide5.png

  42. Let’s go back to the family tree You and me http://drnelson.utmem.edu/Woods.Hole/slide5.png

  43. mushrooms You and me http://drnelson.utmem.edu/Woods.Hole/slide5.png

  44. mushrooms You and me plants http://drnelson.utmem.edu/Woods.Hole/slide5.png

  45. We are family…. mushrooms You and me Plasmodium plants http://drnelson.utmem.edu/Woods.Hole/slide5.png

  46. They are on the same region of the eukaryote tree as plants You and me Plasmodium plants http://drnelson.utmem.edu/Woods.Hole/slide5.png

More Related