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Renaissance, Reformation , Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Na

Renaissance, Reformation , Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Napoleon. Georgia High School Graduation Test Study Slides Taken straight from the state-issued study booklet

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Renaissance, Reformation , Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Na

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  1. Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, Revolutions and Rebellions, and Napoleon Georgia High School Graduation Test Study Slides Taken straight from the state-issued study booklet (In other words, this is what the state wants you to know for the test!!!) Created and Compiled by Angel Cleary Grovetown High School

  2. Protestant Reformation • Protestant Reformation • excommunicate • Henry VIII • Elizabeth I • Anglican church • Martin Luther • Indulgence • 95 Theses • Lutheran Church • Gutenberg’s printing press • John Calvin • Predestination/Preordination • Counter Reformation • Council of Trent • Jesuits • Ignatius of Loyola

  3. DOWN WITH CHURCH CORRUPTION! Down with the church! No More Indulgences! Everyone’s so angry. Can’t we all just get along? Everyone’s so angry. Can’t we all just get along? Leave the church alone! Protestant Reformation 1530- 1620 A.D. • Reformation means to re-make or change • Protestant means someone who doesn’t agree and speaks out against something • comes from the Latin word for “to disagree” but was used in Germany at this time to refer to German princes who didn’t agree with the Catholic church • The phrase Protestant Reformation refers to people during the Renaissance who were “protest”ing corruption in the Catholic church and calling for “reforms” to be made • They did this for many reasons, some selfish reasons and some holy • Rather than make changes, the church threatened excommunication on those who called for change • When the church refused to change, people decided to break away from the church

  4. English Reformation Wife#1: Catherine of Aragon Wife#2: Anne Boleyn Wife#3: Jane Seymour Wife#4: Anne of Cleves Wife#5: Catherine Howard Wife#6: Catherine Parr King Henry VIII Don’t look at me. It’s her fault, not mine. OMG! My calves look awesome in this skirt! • The first to leave the church was King Henry VIII (1491-1547) of England • His wife Catherine couldn’t give him a son • He wanted to get an annulment – like a divorce - but the Catholic church said no • He founded his own church, called the Anglican (English) Church in “protest” of the Catholic church • Crowns himself the head of the church and grants himself an annulment • All in all, he married 6 women • He has a son, Edward VI, with wife #3; he becomes king for 6 years from age 9-16. • Then his Catholic daughter Mary, from wife #1, becomes queen, reunites with the Catholic church and burns nearly 300 protestants • The daughter of his second marriage, Elizabeth I, becomes queen when Edward dies

  5. English Reformation cont. • On the surface, not a lot changed in the English church till King Henry’s daughter, Elizabeth I took the crown • She was protestant; reversed what her sister Mary had done to rejoin the Catholic church • 1559 officially separated from the Catholic church and made herself head governor under the Act of Supremacy • Called the Virgin Queen because she never got married • Longest ruling queen of England – 43 years

  6. I only have 2 pennies left. It’s either dinner for the kids or eternity in Heaven. Muwaha! I love Indulgences. I am making so much money…er, for the Lord. German Reformation • Martin Luther was a highly educated Catholic monk in Germany • Thought the Catholic church was corrupt especially the selling ofindulgences • Pope Leo X was trying to raisemoney to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica • He started a campaign of selling paper indulgences • It was essentially a payment to the church for forgiveness of sin • Wrote the “95 Theses” or 95 statements, and nailed the paper to his church door in Wittenburg, Germany • the Bible is true source for knowledge about God – not the Catholic Church • indulgences were wrong • Church shouldn’t charge for pilgrims to see holy relics, or artifacts • Belief in God is enough to get to heaven, not sacraments or rituals • people should read the Bible in their own languages • (You see, most people in Europe were illiterate, meaning they couldn’t read Latin, the holy language of the Catholic church.) That’s the point, dingbat! By the authority of all the saints, I hereby absolve you from all sins and misdeeds….for the next 10 days. If everyone can read the Bible, then anyone can interpret it!

  7. He translated Bible from Latin into common German • Pope excommunicated him from Catholic church • Then Luther started a new German Protestant church known as theLutheran Church • His ideas were spread around Germany using a revolutionary new invention • Printing press invented by JohannesGutenberg • Used movable type words rather than woodblock cuttings (carving a whole page into a wood block) • Allowed faster spread of ideas You think taking notes is hard? Try carving the ENTIRE bible into a block of wood.

  8. French Protestants Preordination means god chose me to choose him—no wait, I chose to choose him..whatever. • John Calvin - 1509-1564 • Started out Catholic but broke away when he was a law student in France • Came up with idea ofpreordination, or predestination • The idea that God predestined, or chose whether certain people would go to heaven or hell

  9. Counter-Reformation People are leaving God’s holy church in droves! Whatever shall we do?!? Suck up. Council of Trent - 1545 Pope Paul III called a 20-year council to discuss what reforms to make and decided that: 1. The Bible is NOT only source of religious truth but Catholic church is 2. Said people need the Catholic rites to get to heaven; belief is not enough 3. Enacted penalties against corrupt priests and clergy 4. Renewed “the Inquisition” – a torture committee that accused people of not being Catholic I know! Let’s counter their reformation with..uh…with a committee! (For full effect: read dialogue in a bad English accent…)

  10. Counter-Reformation Cont. Jesuits – 1534 A.D. • New Catholic group forms started by Ignatius of Loyola Spaniard living in Paris • Name comes from “society of Jesus” • Emphasize life of Jesus as example for good Christians and took vows of poverty and vowed to help the poor • Pope Paul III made them an official religious order • Jesuits sent missionaries around world to proselytize for Catholicism • Part of their mission was to stop the Protestant movement away from the church • It worked in parts of Germany • Also travelled to China to spread Christianity; translated Confucist texts and brought back to Europe

  11. Review Questions • The first man to translate the Bible into his own common language was • Queen Elizabeth • King Henry VIII • John Calvin • Martin Luther Martin Luther did a very humanist thing by translating the Bible into German

  12. 2. Someone who believes in predestination would DISAGREE with which statement? • If you use your free will to choose to believe in God then you will go to heaven • God preordains who will choose to believe in him and who won’t choose to believe in him • God knows who will go to heaven and who won’t because he’s omniscient, it’s as if he chooses who goes to heaven and who doesn’t • If a person doesn’t believe in god, that’s because God preordained them to Preordination says b, c, and d. Calvin said that people have free will only to a certain extent but that ultimately if someone chooses to believe, that’s because God chose them first

  13. 3. The Protestant Reformation can be best characterized as a time when • There were many new political ideas created in Europe • Many reformers broke away from the Catholic church in protest when it refused to reform • All religious leaders reformed their ways • People began to focus on humans rather than on God A “Protestant” is a person who protested the church called for “reforms”

  14. 4. King Henry VIII, Elizabeth, John Calvin, and Martin Luther were all • People who broke away from the Catholic Church • Influential political leaders in the Catholic Church • Leaders in Europe with a lot of political clout and power • Philosophers during the Renaissance They all broke away for different reasons; King Henry to get a divorce, Elizabeth to assert her power as a woman monarch; Calvin and Luther because of beliefs

  15. 5. The Counter-Reformation was • The Catholic reaction to the protestant reformation • The time when protestants tried to counter the Catholic church • When Europe tried to counter the Dark Ages • A deliberate attempt by Catholic revolutionaries to force the Catholic church to reform The Catholic church wanted to stop so many people from leaving so they discussed how to make reforms during the Council of Trent

  16. 6. The Council of Trent and the establishment of the Jesuits are two Catholic reactions to what movement? • Renaissance • Humanism • Protestant Reformation • Enlightenment The Catholic church reacted by implementing its own reforms during the council of Trent and the Jesuits were created with ther goal of converting people to Catholicism and stopping the growth of protestantism

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