Download
1 / 16
160 likes | 233 Views
Issues & Challenges. Adaptation, translation, and global application DiClemente, Crosby, & Kegler, 2009. Priorities for Advancing Theory. 1. Theory must be tested in practice-based settings 2. Improve cross-cultural transfer regarding theories
E N D
Issues & Challenges Adaptation, translation, and global application DiClemente, Crosby, & Kegler, 2009
Priorities for Advancing Theory 1. Theory must be tested in practice-based settings 2. Improve cross-cultural transfer regarding theories 3. Theory development should be more inclusive of changes to the physical environment DiClemente, Crosby, & Kegler, 2009
Testing Theory in Practice-based Settings • Theories are used most often in intervention research • Emphasis on efficacy trials and internal validity • Interventions labeled “evidence-based”may lack applicability in real-world settings • Increased emphasis on external validity would provide information on the utility of theory and intervention effectiveness in diverse settings. • Collaboration is important • Testing theory via program evaluations (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Improving the cultural transfer of HP theory • Insufficient research on the cultural transfer of HP theories Why is this an issue? (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Improving the cultural transfer of HP theory Issues with: • Applicability • Relevance • Appropriateness (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Improving the cultural transfer of HP theory Potential Solutions • Develop a continuum of research to understand cultural transfer • Enhance the exchange between theory developers and users • Test theory (i.e., via program evaluation) (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Cultural Transfer of HP Theory: Strategies • Assessment • Decision • Engage experts (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Develop Ecological Theories & Focus on Environmental Change • Theory development has neglected guidance onhow to achieve change The challenge: • Develop theory-based approaches to leverage changes in physical environment (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Develop Ecological Theories & Focus on Environmental Change • Theory development has neglected guidance on howto change policy and law The challenge: • Develop and refine theory for efficient use • E.g., include a repertoire of methods to access key political figures “…a good ecological model should provide practitioners with practical methodologies for leveraging community and political resources necessary to marshal economic support” (p. 566) (DiClementeet al., 2009)
Final Notes & Considerations Ecological theories… • must not contribute to greater health disparities • must be feasible • should have great flexibility Another paradigm? • The regulation of corporate practices, i.e. their promotion of unhealthy practices (DiClemente et al., 2009)
Contextualism and the development of effective prevention practices Biglan (2004)
World hypotheses Each world view is characterized by: Root metaphor- common phenomenon that helps to organize thinking and analysis Truth criterion- the basis upon which an analysis is evaluated to be valid (Biglan, 2004)
Mechanism vs. Contextualism MECHANISM Root metaphor: the machine Truth criterion: predictive verification CONTEXTUALISM Root metaphor: the act-in-context Truth criterion: successful working (Biglan, 2004)
Mechanism vs. Contextualism in Prevention Science MECHANISM • Emphasis on comprehensive models • Variables in the model predict another variable in the model (no need for manipulable variables) • Models do not necessarily contribute to frequency or prevalence of problem • Research and practice do not need to be integrated • Models are evaluated in terms of their generalizability CONTEXTUALISM • Emphasis on outcomes • Variables identified predict and influence the phenomenon (variables must be manipulable) • The variables may be manipulated to affect frequency or prevalence of problem • Science and practice are readily integrated • “novelty is categorical” (Biglan, 2004)
Implications for integrating science and practice Biglan, 2004
Implications for integrating science and practice • Cultural practices are needed for effective preventive practices • Single case experimental designs are needed • Pinpoint function relationships in an individual case • Replicate in subsequent cases and use inductive reasoning to develop theoretical principles (Biglan, 2004)
