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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis song. Where does all of our energy come from?. THE SUN. How do plants get food?. Photosynthesis - Process by which green plants or organism with chlorophyll convert _______ energy into _____________ energy in the bonds of carbohydrates

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis song

  2. Where does all of our energy come from? THE SUN

  3. How do plants get food? • Photosynthesis- Process by which green plants or organism with chlorophyll convert _______ energy into _____________ energy in the bonds of carbohydrates • ________________ – Can transfer energy to produce food – can synthesize food • _________________ – Must obtain energy from preformed food – gotta eat food! chemical light Autotrophic Heterotrophic

  4. THE FORMULA _____________________ ________________ chlorophyll carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen enzymes • Seems simple, huh? • Takes EIGHTY different chemical reactions from start to finish

  5. Where does Photosynthesis happen? chloroplasts • In the _________________! • Chloroplasts are oval structure consisting of stacks called grana (photosynthetic membranes) and a liquid called stroma. • Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana

  6. Chloroplast Thylakoids (contain chlorophyll) Light Reaction occurs in the... Stroma Calvin Cycle occurs in the...

  7. ATP • IT’S ENERGY • When chlorophyll absorbs light, it is absorbing energy • It stores it in the __________ of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) bonds

  8. ATP v ADP

  9. Section 4.1 Review • What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? • How are ADP and ATP related? • What are the reactants of photosynthesis? The products? Autotroph—makes own food Heterotroph—needs to eat food ADP is missing a phosphate (and energy) ATP has all 3 phosphate and lots of energy They go back and forth carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen

  10. 2 Main Steps of PSStep 1 light • Light reactions—occurs only in the presence of ___________ • Occurs in the grana (thylakoids) of the chloroplasts • Also known as Photolysisbecause light is used to __________ _________ molecules into hydrogen and oxygen split water

  11. 2 Main steps of PSStep 2 or • Dark Reactions—can occur in light ____ darkness. Follows light reactions • Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts • Also known as Carbon fixationbecause CO2 will get “fixed up” with the hydrogens and energy from the light reaction

  12. Air CO2 PLANT CHLOROPLAST Thylakoid (has Chlorophyll) Fluid filled Stroma H2O H O2 Glucose!! water + C6H12O6 LIGHT REACTION LIGHT INDEPENDENT “DARK” REACTION (CALVIN CYCLE)

  13. Light Reactions • Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight. • Water is __________ _________ • Oxygen is ______________ • Oxygen leaves the plant and goes into the air broken down released

  14. The Dark Reactions CO2 • _________ is added to a cycle of reactions to build larger molecules • _________ from the light reaction is added to CO2 • A molecule of simple sugar is formed • _____________ H glucose

  15. Process BoxLook at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are the names of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts Describe what reactants are going in and what products are going out.

  16. Section 4.2 Review Absorbs energy from sunlight • What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis? • What goes in the light reactions? What comes out? • What goes in the dark reactions? What comes out? IN: light and water OUT: Oxygen IN: CO2 OUT: Glucose (C6H12O6)

  17. H2O Yes No Oxygen Water Nothing Sunlight H goes into the dark cycle CO2 Glucose No No Hydrogen Nothing Nicholl

  18. PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW What is the definition of Photosynthesis? What are the reactants for Photosynthesis? 3. What are the products? 4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis? 5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle? 6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast?

  19. PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW What occurs in the stromaof a chloroplast? Why is the Calvin cycle referred to as the “dark” reaction? Does the light reaction have to occur in the light? Does the dark reaction have to occur in the dark? 10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things? 11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)? 12. If you eat a hamburger for dinner, how is it that you are eating energy that was made by plants? Plants store energy in many ways. For example, a carrot is the root part of a plant that stores lots of energy (that’s why carrots are SO good for you!!). 14. Name 3 other parts of a plant that store high energy?

  20. Process BoxThink about what our body need to take in to live? What does your body produce as waste products as a result of living?

  21. Photosynthesis and food Cellular Respiration Chapter 4 Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

  22. The route from food to energy GLUCOSE

  23. Glycolysis • Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules • Occurs in ______________ cytoplasm

  24. Glycolysis • 2 ATP invested • 4 ATP generated • ___ “net” ATP gained 2

  25. Fermentation • Occurs after glycolysis • Does ______ require oxygen • ______________ • Switches NADH back into NAD+ • Allows glycolysis to continue not Anaerobic

  26. Fermentation • Two types • _______________ fermentation • __________ ________ fermentation Alcoholic Lactic acid

  27. Lactic Acid Fermentation No OXYGEN Present NAD+ Pyruvate Allows Glycolysis to continue to make 2 ATP’s cytoplasm Lactic Acid • Occurs in mammals when O2 runs out • Causes burning muscles • Acidity causes muscle pain • Broken down over time (when O2 becomes available again) • A muscle will “cramp” without ATP • Bacteria can also create lactic acid – and we use them to create pickles, and milk curdles in lactic acid = yogurt!

  28. Alcohol Fermentation No OXYGEN Present NAD+ Pyruvate Allows Glycolysis to continue to make 2 ATP’s cytoplasm Alcohol + CO2 • Occurs in Yeast • Makes alcohol • CO2 gas causes bread to rise (alcohol evaporates in the oven!)

  29. Section 4.4 Review—Part A • Where does glycolysis take place? • What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis? • Why does fermentation occur? • What are the two different types of fermentation? Cytoplasm IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 3 carbon molecule No oxygen present Lactic acid Alcoholic

  30. Aerobic Respiration • After glycolysis • Only in _______________ • Require _________ • _________ process • NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION! eukaryotes oxygen Aerobic

  31. Where does aerobic respiration happen? • In the mitochondria! • _______________ are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Mitochondria

  32. 2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration • Kreb’s cycle • Pyruvic acid is broken down into ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions • 2 ATP are generated CO2 In: 3C OUT: Co2 + ATP

  33. 2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration • __________ ___________ ________ • Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATP • _____________ are produced Electron transport chain 32 ATP In: O2 OUT: H2O + ATP

  34. MOST ATP from ELECTON TRANSPORT!

  35. Electron Transport Chain Energy Carrying Molecule 32ATP NADH H mitochondria 90% of Glucose Energy!! H From Krebs Cycle H H + OXYGEN H20 Breathed out of the body!!

  36. Section 4.4 Review—Part B • Where does aerobic respiration take place? • What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out? • What goes into electron transport? What comes out? • How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Mitochondria IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2 IN: Oxygen OUT: Water and ATP!!! Reactants of one are basically the products of the other

  37. RESPIRATION REVIEW What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are created with each? What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin? How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.? Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy? Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what substance?

  38. RESPIRATION REVIEW 6. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain? What is the role of NADH during cellular respiration? By what process do we create products such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and pickles? What organisms can make alcohol? What organisms can make lactic acid?

  39. RESPIRATION SCENERIO Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely. 12. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? ________________ 13. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen? ______________________ 14. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the CO2? __________________ 15. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related? _________________________________ 16. What is the waste product of E.T.C.? _______ 17. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race? _______________________________________

  40. Light energy  chemical energy Sugar  ATP Cytoplasm + Mitochondria Chloroplasts Water + CO2+ Light Oxygen + Sugar Oxygen + Sugar Water + CO2+ ATP Oxygen + Sugar Water + CO2 + ATP Water + CO2 + Light Oxygen + Sugar

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