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Designing a Questionnaire. Questionnaire. A questionnaire consists of a number of questions printed or typed in a definite order on a form or set of forms. Basically there are 7 steps involved in designing a questionnaire . Designing a Questionnaire. Step 1.
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Questionnaire • A questionnaire consists of a number of questions printed or typed in a definite order on a form or set of forms. • Basically there are 7 steps involved in designing a questionnaire
Determine what information is needed • This stage is a planning stage which includes: • Decide on the topic for research • Get additional information on the research issue • Gather what has been experience with similar study • Type of information required (such as awareness, facts, opinions, attitudes, future plans and reasons)
Determine what information is needed • Recall Loss • E.g. - Which television programme did you see last Saturday? • Memory of events depends on: • Importance of the events • Whether it is necessary for the respondents to remember.
Modes of collection data • The questionnaire can be used to collect the information through personal interview, mail or telephone. • The method chosen depends on the information required and the type of respondent. • If information is to be collected from illiterate individuals a questionnaire would be the wrong choice.
What type of Questionnaire to be used • Structured and Non-disguised • Structured and Disguised • Non-structured and disguised • Non-structured and Non-disguised
Decide on the types of questions • Open ended questions • Dichotomous questions • Close ended questions
Open ended Questions • These are questions where respondents are free to answer in their own words. • Respondent may mention the attribute • What factor do you consider while buying a suit? • Respondent may not use same frame of reference • What is the most important attribute in a job? • Pay • Respondent considers basic pay while interviewer thinks about total pay.
Dichotomous Question • There questions have only two answers, yes or no, true or false, use or don’t use. • Do you use toothpaste? Yes.......... No..... • Do you like to watch movies? Like .... Dislike.... • This technique is most convenient and easy to answer • This technique limits the respondents response. This may lead to measurement error.
Close ended Questions • There are two basic formats in this type: • Make one or more choices among the alternatives • Rate the alternatives
Close ended Questions • Which of the following words or phrases best describes the kind of person you feel would be most likely to use this product? • Young...... Old........ • Single...... Married......... • Modern ....... Old fashioned......... • Based on what you saw in the commercial, how interested do you feel, you would be buying the product. • Definitely • Probably I would buy • I may or may not buy • Probably I would not buy • Definitely I would not buy
Decide in the wording of questions • Wording of particular questions could have a large impact on how the respondent interprets them. • Example: • Don’t you think that Brazil played poorly in the FIFA cup ? • Do you think that, Brazil played poorly in the FIFA cup ?
Avoid Double Barrelled Questions • These are questions in which the respondent can agree with one part of the question, but not agree with the other or cannot answer making a particular assumption. • Example: • Are you happy with the price and quantity of branded shampoo?
Avoid Leading Questions • A leading question is one that suggest the answers to the respondents. • Example: • Do you like the programme on Radio Mirchi? • Answer would likely to be Yes • Which is your favourite F.M. Radio station?
Sequence and Layout • Divide the questionnaire into 3 parts: • Basic information • Classification • Identification Information • Always move from general to specific questions on the topic. This is known as funnel sequence.
Pre-testing of Questionnaire • It is done to detect any flaws that might be present. • Words used by the researcher must convey same meaning to the respondent. • The questionnaire should not be too long as the response will be poor.
Revise and Preparation of final questionnaire • Final questionnaire may be prepared after pre-testing the questionnaire with small group of respondents. • It should be revised as: • To correct the spellings. • To place the questions in proper order to avoid the contextual bias. • To remove the words which are not familiar to respondents. • To add or remove questions arise in the process of pre-test, if any. • To purge the words with double meaning, etc.