View on Maritime Security

1. View on Maritime Security Maritime Security - Freedom of Navigation - Non-traditional threats ・Piracy ・Terrorism ・Smuggling of weapons, small arms, etc. ・Human trafficking

2. Importance of Maritime Security in Japan ・Total Import : 820 mil tons (1/6 of the world trade) ・Maritime Trade : 99.7% N America EU (25.6%) Asia (42.3%) C & S Americas (3.1%) Middle East (16.9%) 2nd largest maritime trade in the world Sea-lanes are lifelines for Japan

3. Cooperation in Tackling International Security Challenges - Tackling international security challenges alone is difficult - Working together with other countries involved is important Japan’s Efforts (examples) ‐ReCCAP (Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia) －ARF-ISM (ASEAN Regional Forum – Inter Sessional Meeting) －ADMM+EWG (ASEAN Defence Minister’s Meeting Plus Expert’s Working Group) －WPNS (Western Pacific Naval Symposium)

4. The roles that ARF should play in the Area of Maritime Security - Promoting mutual understanding - Discuss “What should be achieved”, “What we can achieve”, and reach an agreement • Japan pointed out the necessity of adhering to traditional rules of the sea, or new joint rules such as CUES (Code for Unalerted Encounters at Sea), the product of WPNS. Report of the ADMM+EWG( Maritime Security)

5. CUES（Code for Unalerted Encounters at Sea ） －Safety procedures in case if a military vessel encounters with the other unexpectedly on the ocean １．　Status and duties of warships, public vessels and naval aircraft ２．　Standard safety procedures ３．　Standard communications procedures ４．　Selected signals vocabulary and basic maneuvering instructions

6. CUES1 1.2 The document is intended to offer safety measures and a means to limit mutual interference and uncertainty and facilitate communication when naval and public ships, submarines or aircraft make contact ( a public vessel is defined as a ship owned or operated by states used only on government non commercial service). 2.6 The only sanction against a warship or public vessel that can be imposed by coastal State is to require that it depart internal waters and the territorial sea. 3.5 Ships engaged in surveillance should remain clear of platforms under surveillance so as to avoid the risk of collision. They should also employ the practice of good seamanship so as to avoid carrying out any maneuvers that could endanger the object of surveillance or cause it to deviate from its intended course / or speed 3.12 Commanding Officers should at all times maintain a safe separation between their vessel and those of other nations.

7. CUES2 3.14 Because nations may under international law grant their naval and aviation units the authority to respond with force to actions they perceive to reflect hostile intent, Commanding Officers need to consider the potential ramifications before engaging in actions which could be misconstrued. Actions the prudent commander might generally avoid include: 3.14.1 Simulation of attacks by aiming guns, missiles, fire control radars, torpedo tubes or other weapons in the direction of vessels or aircraft encountered 3.14.2 Expect in cases of distress, the discharge of signal rockets, weapons or other objects in the direction of vessels or aircraft encountered. 3.14.3 Illumination of the navigation bridges or aircraft cockpits. 3.14.4 The use of laser in such a manner as to cause harm to personnel or damage to equipment onboard vessels or air craft encountered