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Similarities. Similarities. Rise of Communist Party. Dissatisfaction with Previous Rulers. Soviet Union. China.
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Similarities Rise of Communist Party Dissatisfaction with Previous Rulers Soviet Union China Pavel Milyukov, the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Provisional Government, confirmed that Russia would remain in WWI, sparking outrage in soldiers and workers, losing support for the Provisional Government and allowing the Bolshevik Party to take over. Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Guomindang, attempted to modernize China, improving life in the cities but not in the countryside, giving it a narrow base of support that led to its defeat by the more popular CCP.
Similarities Feminism More Gender Equality Soviet Union China In the 1930s, many women entered the workforce, such as the two women in this picture learning how to drive a tractor in a collective farm. A “happy marriage” in 1953 after the New Marriage Law of 1950 that allowed women to have free choice in marriage, attacking old Confucian /patriarchal traditions.
Similarities Land Redistribution End of Private Ownership by Landlords Soviet Union China Lenin’s Decree on Land in 1917 abolished private property and redistributed landed estates amongst the peasantry. CCP cadres redistributed land under the Agrarian Reform Law in 1950, which gave land to all —peasant or landowner—on an equitable basis.
Similarities Environmental Consequences Harming the Environment Soviet Union China Formerly one of the four largest lakes in the world, the Aral Sea has been shrinking ever since the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet irrigation projects. In Mao’s Great Leap Forward, many farmers moved from agricultural to industrial work, causing a famine that killed 20 million Chinese in 3 years.
Similarities “Enemies” and “Conspiracies” Battling Counterrevolutionary Conspiracies with Violence Soviet Union China The White Sea-Baltic Canal was the first major construction project of the Soviet Union using forced labor in gulags that “enemies of the people” were sent to. Mao’s Red Guards set out to get rid of those in the CCP whom Mao thought were taking the capitalist road.
Differences Social Changes Stalin Accepted, Mao did not Soviet Union China This propaganda poster depicts Mao Zedong over the People’s Liberation Army during the Cultural Revolution in which Mao removed capitalist, traditional, and cultural elements from society, accusing those with high positions. The nomenklatura were the small privileged elite group within the USSR that held various key positions, abandoning the earlier commitment to egalitarianism.
DIfferences Collective Farming Violence and Extensiveness Soviet Union China Away with Kulaks! While collectivizing agriculture, millions of rich peasants were killed because they were unwilling to give up their land, a much more violent process than in China where the CCP had good relations with peasants. China pushed collectivization further than the Soviet Union did with its People’s Commune in which everything was shared, moving closer to a communist society.
Differences Roots of Communism Cities vs. Countryside Soviet Union China This propaganda poster shows peasants in the countryside happy with their work and holding Mao’s Little Red Book, demonstrating that his support was rooted in the peasantry. This propaganda poster depicts a city in the USSR where workers control factories, illustrating their focus and roots in the city, mostly supported by industrial workers.
Differences Foreign Support Alone vs Allies Soviet Union China Since its revolution was much later, the Chinese Communist Party had the Soviet Union as its ally in its fight against capitalism. In the early stages of its communism, the USSR faced the hostile capitalist world alone.
Differences Sino-Soviet Split Marxism-Leninism vs. Maoism Soviet Union China Mao no longer trusted the USSR after Khrushchev’s meeting with Eisenhower to decrease Soviet-American tensions, thinking that they were not aggressive enough in their reaction to the U-2 spy plane incident. Backyard steel furnaces during the Great Leap Forward and aggressive actions shocked Khrushchev, who considered them offensive and did not help China in nuclear development.
