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Monitoring and Permanent Marker Approaches Taken for WIPP and YMP

Monitoring and Permanent Marker Approaches Taken for WIPP and YMP. Steve Wagner SNL/JHA November 7, 2008 SAND2008-6921P. Outline. Development of Related Disposal Standards Disposal Standard Requirements Performance Confirmation/Compliance Monitoring programs

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Monitoring and Permanent Marker Approaches Taken for WIPP and YMP

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  1. Monitoring and Permanent Marker Approaches Taken for WIPP and YMP Steve Wagner SNL/JHA November 7, 2008 SAND2008-6921P

  2. Outline • Development of Related Disposal Standards • Disposal Standard Requirements • Performance Confirmation/Compliance Monitoring programs • Passive Institutional Controls – Permanent Markers • WIPP and YMP Designs • Monitoring • Permanent Markers

  3. Terminology • Although the concepts for monitoring and permanent markers are similar for WIPP and YMP, they use different terminology

  4. Development of Disposal Standards • Development of the disposal standards involved many scientific panels, national laboratories, stakeholders, political agencies and literature reviews • Investigations by the scientific advisor also included scientific investigations, future panels and modeling analyses

  5. Development of Disposal Standards • Final standards included performance objectives for acceptable risks to populations and the environments • Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Objectives • • Specific objectives to account for uncertainties • - Assurance Measures • Examples include: Multiple Barriers, Monitoring, Active Controls, Passive Controls, Resource Disincentive, Waste Removal after Closure, etc.

  6. Disposal Standard Requirements • YMP Performance Confirmation (PC) and Permanent Markers (PM) requirements are found at 10 CFR § 63 • - NRC is the YMP regulator • WIPP Compliance Monitoring and PM requirements are found at 40 CFR § 191 and § 194 • - EPA is the WIPP regulator

  7. WIPP Monitoring Requirements • WIPP Compliance Monitoring Requirements • Assurance Requirements - 40 CFR §191.14(b) Disposal systems shall be monitored after disposal to detect substantial and detrimental deviations from expected performance. This monitoring shall be done with techniques that do not jeopardize the isolation of the wastes and shall be conducted until there are no significant concerns to be addressed by further monitoring. 40 CFR §194.42 The Department shall conduct an analysis of the effects of disposal system parameters on the containment of waste in the disposal system and shall include the results of such analysis in any compliance application. The results of the analysis shall be used in developing plans for pre-closure and post-closure monitoring

  8. YMP Performance Confirmation Requirements • YMP Performance Confirmation (PC) Requirements • 10 CFR 63.131 to 63.134 titled “Subpart F – Performance Confirmation Program” • Summary: Provide data that indicate that the natural and engineered systems function as anticipated • Measurements and observations must be compared with the original design bases and assumptions to determine if significant differences exist between measured and observed conditions and those included in the design or modeled performance • In situ monitoring of thermomechanical response • Design testing of backfill (if used), seals, drip shields and waste packages

  9. WIPP Permanent Markers Requirements • WIPP Passive Controls Requirements • §191.14 Assurance Requirements. • To provide the confidence needed for long-term compliance with the requirements of §191.13, disposal of spent nuclear fuel or high-level or transuranic wastes shall be conducted in accordance with the following provisions,… • (c) Disposal sites shall be designated by the most permanent markers (PM), records, and other passive institutional controls practicable to indicate the dangers of the wastes and their location.

  10. YMP PM Requirements • YMP Permanent Markers Requirements • 10 CFR 63.21 (b)(24) A description of the controls that DOE will apply to restrict access and to regulate land use at the Yucca Mountain site and adjacent areas, including a conceptual design of monuments that would be used to identify the site after permanent closure • 10 CFR 63.51(a)(3)(i) Identification of the site and geologic repository operations area by monuments that have been designed, fabricated, and emplaced to be as permanent as is practicable

  11. WIPP Monitoring Program Design • Pre-operational monitoring was considered a site characterization activity used to gather baseline data and data important to performance assessment development and parameterization • Environmental Monitoring is an operational RCRA, DOE and 40 CFR 191 Subpart A requirement. Includes a Baseline and ongoing operational and post-closure monitoring of air, water, biota etc., which are used to compare to the baseline. • Regulation requires an analysis of the effects of disposal system parameters on repository performance to be used to develop pre- and post-closure monitoring plans. • Performance Assessment results were used along with other regulatory criteria to derive 10 additional operational-period monitoring parameters

  12. WIPP Monitoring Program Design • Operational Period Monitoring Parameters • Subsidence • Drilling Rate • Probability of Encountering a Castile Brine Encounter • Creep Closure • Extent of Deformation • Initiation of Brittle Deformation • Displacement of Deformation Features • Change in Culebra Groundwater Composition • Change in Culebra Groundwater Flow • Waste Activity

  13. WIPP Monitoring Program Design • Post Closure Monitoring (100 years past closure) • Subset of Operational Environmental Monitoring (30 years) • Subsidence • Drilling Rate • Probability of Encountering a Castile Brine Encounter • Change in Culebra Groundwater Composition • Change in Culebra Groundwater Flow

  14. YMP Performance Confirmation Design • The Performance Confirmation (PC) Program for Yucca Mountain is responsive to NRC regulatory requirements and acceptance criteria • Key Requirements • Confirm that subsurface conditions, geotechnical and design parameters are as anticipated and that changes to these parameters are within limits assumed in the license application • Confirm that the waste retrieval option is preserved • Evaluate information used to assess whether natural and engineered barriers function as intended • Evaluate effectiveness of design features intended to perform a post-closure function during repository operation and development • Monitor waste package condition

  15. YMP Performance Confirmation Design • A periodic decision analysis process is used to realign the PC program. A formal process is used to determine the activities needed to test the functionality of the disposal system and its barriers • Subsequent (and continuing) management assessment and Performance Assessment (PA) evaluations ensure the program continually reflects the processes most important to performance, thereby keeping the program risk-informed • Resulting basis for PC program is risk-informed, performance-based

  16. YMP Performance Confirmation Design • Current list of 20 monitoring activities • General Requirements Testing and Monitoring (Natural and Engineered Barriers) • Precipitation Monitoring • Seepage Monitoring • Subsurface Water and Rock Testing • Unsaturated Zone Testing • Saturated Zone Monitoring • Saturated Zone Fault Hydrology Testing • Saturated Zone Alluvium Testing • Drift Inspection • Thermally Accelerated Drift Near-Field Monitoring • Thermally Accelerated Drift In-Drift Environment Monitoring • Dust Buildup Monitoring

  17. YMP Performance Confirmation Design • Geotechnical and Design Monitoring and Testing • Subsurface Mapping • Seismicity Monitoring • Construction Effects Monitoring • Thermally Accelerated Drift Thermal-Mechanical Monitoring • Design Testing (Other than Waste Packages) • Seal Testing • Monitoring and Testing of the Waste Packages • Waste Package Monitoring • Corrosion Testing • Corrosion Testing of Thermally Accelerated Drift Samples • Waste Form Testing

  18. YMP Performance Confirmation Design • Seepage Monitoring - seepage monitoring and analysis in bulkheaded alcoves on repository intake side and in repository thermally accelerated drifts • Subsurface Water and Rock Testing - chemistry analysis of water samples collected at selected underground locations to evaluate and confirm assumptions for fast paths used in the UZ models • Unsaturated Zone Testing - field-testing of transport and sorptive properties of UZ rock in ambient seepage alcoves to evaluate and confirm sorption coefficients used in UZ models

  19. WIPP Permanent Marker Design • As prescribed by the standards, the objectives of DOE’s passive institutional controls for the WIPP are to convey the following: • • location, • • facility design, • • content, and • • hazard. • The DOE convening two panels of experts to identify what future societies might be like (Hora et al. 1991). The panels were tasked to determine the appropriate types of messages, the contents of the messages, and the types of media for transmitting the messages and to identify design concepts for the marker system (Trauth et al. 1993). This work was completed prior to promulgation of 40 CFR Part 194.

  20. WIPP Permanent Marker Design • The following principles were applied to the conceptual permanent marker design: • The site is marked • Messages are truthful and informative • Multiple components exist within a marker system • Multiple means of communication (e.g., language, pictographs, scientific diagrams) are provided • Multiple messages with differing levels of complexity between messages are inscribed on individual marker system elements • Materials with little recycle value are used • Compliance with international standards of marking locations and contents of nuclear waste repositories

  21. Expert Panel Concepts Levels of Messages

  22. WIPP Conceptual Design

  23. WIPP Conceptual Design Radar Reflector Buried Storage Room Small Buried Warning Markers

  24. WIPP Conceptual Design • Messages • System uses different levels of messages that are intended to convey the existence and hazard of the repository Multiple languages Pictographs

  25. YMP Conceptual Design

  26. YMP Conceptual Design

  27. YMP Conceptual Design

  28. YMP Conceptual Design

  29. YMP Conceptual Design

  30. Questions ??????? 

  31. WIPP PM References • Trauth, Kathleen M.; Hora, Stephen C.; Guzowski, Robert V.; 1993. Expert Judgment on Markers to Deter Inadvertent Human Intrusion into the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. SAND92-1382•UC-721. November 1993, http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/1992/921382.pdf • Hora, Stephan C. 1991. Expert Judgment on Inadvertent Human Intrusion into the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. SAND90-3063•UC-721. December 1991 http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/1990/903063.pdf

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