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INAUGURAL LECTURE: Owning and disowning invention Problems of knowledge, integrity and technology Professor Graeme J.N.

INAUGURAL LECTURE: Owning and disowning invention Problems of knowledge, integrity and technology Professor Graeme J.N. Gooday, Centre for History & Philosophy of Science, Department of Philosophy.

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INAUGURAL LECTURE: Owning and disowning invention Problems of knowledge, integrity and technology Professor Graeme J.N.

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  1. INAUGURAL LECTURE: • Owning and disowning invention • Problems of knowledge, integrity and technology • Professor Graeme J.N. Gooday, • Centre for History & Philosophy of Science, • Department of Philosophy

  2. Owning and Disowning Invention: Intellectual Property, Authority and Identity in British Science and Technology, 1880-1920 • AHRC funded collaborative research project 2007-10

  3. Project team: • Graeme Gooday & Stathis Arapostathis (Leeds) • - history of electrical technology • Greg Radick & Berris Charnley (Leeds) • - history of plant breeding • Christine MacLeod & Jon Hopwood-Lewis • (Bristol) – history of aeronautics

  4. William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) Mirror galvanometer

  5. Silvanus Phillips Thompson Valve telephone c.1885.

  6. Oliver Heaviside Heaviside’s elegant reformulation of Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic propagation.

  7. Oliver Lodge Lodge’s 1897 syntonic wireless system

  8. Bell’s First US patent 174,465, “Improvement in telegraphy”, 1876

  9. ? US Patent 240, 566 1930 Refrigerator with no moving parts and requiring no supply of electricity

  10. US Patent 240, 566 1930 Refrigerator with no moving parts and requiring no supply of electricity

  11. Henry Newman I consider, then, that I am chargeable with no paradox, when I speak of a Knowledge which is its own end, when I call it liberal knowledge, or a gentleman's knowledge, when I educate for it, and make it the scope of a University. ‘Knowledge its Own End’ The Idea of a University (1858)

  12. Statute of Monopolies of 1624 • Section 6 declared unlawful all monopolies except… • “…that any declaration beforementioned shall not extend to any letters patents and grants of privilege for the term of fourteen years or under, hereafter to be made, of the sole working or making of any manner of new manufactures within this realm, to the true and first inventor and inventors of such manufactures’

  13. Sir Clifford Allbutt’s clinical thermometer

  14. Oliver & Mary Lodge & their 12 children

  15. Famous Inventors in telecommunications? • The telephone – • The filament light bulb – • The radio –

  16. Lewis Howard Latimer among the G.E. Experts team

  17. Some inventors of ‘the telephone’ before Bell… Phillipp Reis (1861) Antonio Meucci (1874) Elisha Gray (1876)

  18. The tribulations of patents in • early telecommunications • Four short case studies

  19. a) Thomson: Patentability & secrecy Philadelphia Exhibition 1876:Bell demonstrates articulating telephone (US patent March 7th) – Thomson witnesses

  20. b) Thompson - The Master Patent The Bell Edison United Telephone Companyversus • S.P.Thompson’s ‘New Telephone Company’ • Times, Dec 21 1886

  21. c) Heaviside - ‘Philanthropic’ publication Heaviside’s condition of distortionless transmission Pupin’s patented loading coil

  22. Lodge’s syntony vs Marconi monopolism

  23. CONCLUSIONS • Some lessons from the troubled • past of academic patenting

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