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左为正常 protein, 右为 prion

Chapter 27 朊粒 朊粒( prion )是引起传染性海绵状脑病( transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,TSE )的病原体。 TSE 是一特征性的致死性中枢神经系统慢性退化性病患。临床上出现痴呆,共济失调,震颤等症状,随即昏迷死亡.

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左为正常 protein, 右为 prion

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  1. Chapter 27 朊粒朊粒(prion)是引起传染性海绵状脑病(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,TSE)的病原体。TSE是一特征性的致死性中枢神经系统慢性退化性病患。临床上出现痴呆,共济失调,震颤等症状,随即昏迷死亡

  2. 生物学特征Prion未检出病毒体结构(核衣壳)和基因核酸,(一) PrP的蛋白结构PrPc(Cellular isoform of PrP):分子量33~35×103,PrP33~35 4个α-螺旋区,42%,β-折叠31% PrPsc(Scrapie isoform of PrP, PrPsc):分子量27~30×103,PrP27~30,2个α螺旋(30%)4个β-折叠(43%)(对蛋白酶k抗性)

  3. 左为正常protein, 右为prion

  4. (二)PrP的基因结构人PrP基因位于第20号染色体的短臂上,基因全长为759bp 编码253个aa(三) PrP的抵抗力PrP抵抗力强,对甲醛,β-羟丙酸,β-内酶,乙醇,蛋白酶等具有抗性。高压灭菌202Kpa,134℃,1h

  5. 致病性prion是引起传染性海绵状脑病(TSE)的病原体(一)动物TSE1.瘙痒病(Scrapie):皮肤瘙痒摩擦,脱毛,慢性消耗性,致死性疾病。脑病?:瘙痒病相关纤维(Scrapie-associated fibrils,SAF)由PrP组成(PrPsc)2.疯牛病(mad cow disease)牛海绵状脑(bovinespongiform encephalopathy,BSE)

  6. 朊粒存在的部位

  7. Prion , EM

  8. (二)人的TSE1.克雅病与克雅病新变种(1)克雅病(CJD)又称传染性痴呆病(transmissible dementia)潜伏期几十年发病,精神与感觉方面症状,随后运动失调,晚期肌肉痉挛伴痴呆,多在5~12个约内死亡。发病率1/106,年龄均50岁以上。脑海绵体病变类似羊瘙痒病的羊脑。PrPcj类似PrPsc推测CJD因子来源于瘙痒病。1968年 CJD转移给动物成功,现已证实,PrPres大量沉积脑组织→淀粉样斑块→CNS退行性变

  9. 脑组织海绵样改变,空泡形成

  10. 2. 库鲁(Kuru)病Kuru(颤抖)病是第一个被认为由prion引起的人的传染性海绵状脑病(TSE),发生于巴布亚新几内亚宗教性食尸恶习,患者多为妇女,儿童。潜伏期4~30年,病人小脑受损,产生共济失调和震颤。进行性小脑综合症伴痴呆,一旦发病,一年内(6~9个月)内死亡

  11. 微生物学检查对人的TSE诊断以监测PrPres为诊断标志(脑脊液,脑组织)1.电镜检查:羊瘙痒病相关纤维(SAF)是朊粒感染的标志之一。2.神经病理检查:是目前诊断朊粒感染的主要依据。海绵状空泡,神经元消失,淀粉样斑块。3.快速简易的免疫学方法:PrPsc或PrPcj(dot blot,western blot)4.PrP基因检测:20号染色体,找出突变位点。5.Prion分离用转(PrP)基因小鼠分离, 但慢发病毒需200天以上

  12. Kuru disease

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