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3. Scientific Breakthrough Lesson 3Unit 20

4. Guessing game

5. Who are the people in the pictures? Do you know their discoveries?

6. He proved the Theory of Gravity to be true. Isaac Newton， 1642-1727，British physical scientist、astronomer and mathematician，born in Lincolnshire.

7. He was British who was living in 18th century. He invented an advanced steam engine which was the last straw of the First Industry Revolution in western countries.

8. He was born in Scotland in 1847 . He immigrated into the USA at the age of 24 and later became a America citizen.He was the inventor of telephone.

9. 贝尔(Bell, Alexander Graham)（1847～1922）

10. Albert Einstein Among the several important discoveries made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity. He also discovered famous mathematical statement e=mc (energy equals mass times the speed of light squared). This statement or formula explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter.

11. He flew the plane thirty-nine meters. He was in the air for 12 seconds. Wright Orville (1871) He flew the plane 279 meters in59 seconds later that day. Wilbur Wright(1867)

12. Wright Brothers On December 17th, 1903, they made the world's first flight in a machine that was heavier than air and powered by an engine.

13. The designer of ENIAC, the first commercial computer made in the United States American physicistJohn William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert 这是美国军方(navy)要求宾州大学莫奇来（Mauchly）博士和他的学生爱克特（Eckert）设计的，准备用来计算炮弹及火箭、导弹(missiles) 的弹道，它最终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用。

14. He was a young Scottish bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine. Discover it in February 14 Penicillin Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

15. Scottish biochemist February 14, 1929 --- Fleming Discovers Penicillin.Sir Alexander Fleming was a young bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine. Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

16. American astronomer. He changed our ideas about the universe and how it developed. In the late Nineteen-Twenties, his study lead to the most important astronomical discovery of the Twentieth century -- the expanding universe. And he proved that nebulae were galaxies themselves. Astronomers now agree that far distant galaxies do exist. Edwin Hubble

17. beautiful space Hubble space telescope 哈勃空间望远镜是人类第一座太空望远镜，总长度超过13米，质量为11吨多，运行在地球大气层外缘离地面约600公里的轨道上。它大约每100分钟环绕地球一周。哈勃望远镜是由美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局合作，于1990年发射入轨的。哈勃望远镜是以天文学家爱德文·哈勃的名字命名的。按计划，它将在2009年被詹姆斯韦布太空望远镜所取代。哈勃望远镜的角分辨率达到小于 0.1秒，每天可以获取3到5G字节的数据。

18. Careful reading .

19. Sudden thought Albert Einstein the equation changed our understanding of the universe and helped to create the nuclear bomb proved the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought By using the most high-power telescope of the time nebulae Edwin Hubble

20. by accident helped to save millions of lives Alexander Fleming penicillin not mentioned Eckert & Mauchly worked hard the first computer made great contributions to the development of aircraft Wilbur Wright& Orville Wright the first plane studied for many years

21. Reading practicefor general idea • Reading Strategy (1): • First read the text to get the general idea. Go through the whole text, don’t worry about some new word , you don’t need to understand every word exactly. Just work out the subject and the main idea.

22. Ex2.Try to match the discoveries with how they were discovered? 1.The equation e=mc 2.Penicillin 3.The first computer 4.Other galaxies a)Scientists worked together as a team b)There was a lucky accident accident c)A scientist did research for many years d)A scientist was inspired

23. The purpose of this article is ____. • the introduction of the Wright Brothers • the introduction of the process of scientific breakthrough • introduction of the major scientific discoveries in the 20th century • the contributions scientists made to the world

24. Match the pioneers with the deeds They were specialist in the area of bicycle-repair,but they were interested in aircraft. They made great contributions to the development of aircraft. • He is aware of recent developments, but he has been working on his own. He showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length is constant. The Wright brothers Elbert Einstein

25. Edwin Hubble He proved that the universe is actually expanding, and that further away galaxies are, the faster they move. He was a son of a Scottish shepherd . HEe discovered penicillin. Although his discovery is important, he remained modest. During the 2nd world war, the US Navy turned to them to produce a machine. They didn’t finish until after the war, in February 1946. Alexander Fleming Eckert and Mauchly Together with their team

26. Reading for specific information • Reading Strategy (2) • Read the questions /statements and identify important words. • Find the relevant part of the text and identify the important words • Decide if the important words in the question/statement express the same meaning • Base your decision only on the information in the text.

27. Use the strategies to help you • Exs 4: Are these statements true or false according to the text or is there no information? • Work in groups to use the strategies to work out the problems.

28. F 1.Orville Wright made the first and longest flight on 17 December, 1903. 2. A bicycle-repair company made the money used in the Wright brother’s flying experiments. On December 17,1903, Orville made the first flight in their plane, the Flyer 1, and he flew 39 metres in 12 seconds. T The brothers used the company to support their flying machine research and experiments.

29. 3. Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation “e=mc ”. 4. Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb. 5.Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass. F While rocking his one-year-old baby, he thought sth Over. Suddenly, the equation came to him. T The equation also help to create the nuclear bomb. F Einstein then showed in his “theory or relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant.

30. NI T 6. Hubble studied the universe for over twenty years. 7. Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was. 8. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened. 9. There was a blue mould around the bacteria in the dish. 10. Fleming developed the process for making penicillin. The universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. NI F T

31. T Although they and their team did not finish the machine until after the war. 11. The first computer project failed to meet its original goal. 12. The first computer was extremely difficult to program. NI

32. While Albert Einstein was rocking his one-year-old baby, he _______. • was aware of recent scientific developments. • thought over Marie Curie’s research. • he showed that not even time, mass or length are constant. • came up with the famous “ theory of relativity”

33. Vocabulary: • Compound Words

34. Exs 5. Match the categories (a-e) with the examples from the text (1-5) . Then add examples of your own. • compound n. 1. one-year-old; world-famous; • (n.+n.) far-reaching • b) compound v. 2. breakthrough; outcome • c) Compound adj. 3. mass-produce;double-chest • d) compound n. 4. flying machine; • (adj.+n.) nuclear bomb • e) compound n. 5. CD player; jet engine • (v.+prep.)

35. Vocabulary: Compound Words • Exs 5. Match the categories (a-e) with the examples from the text (1-5) . Then add examples of your own. • compound n. 1. one-year-old; world-famous; • (n.+n.) far-reaching • b) compound v. 2. breakthrough; outcome • c) Compound adj. 3. mass-produce;double-chest • d) compound n. 4. flying machine; • (adj.+n.) nuclear bomb • e) compound n. 5. CD player; jet engine • (v.+prep.)

36. Homework: • Revise L3. • Do workbook.

37. The End Goodbye!